China's falling population and economic future

This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside the UK Imagine buying a toy for your kid. But it doesn't come with batteries. That sucks. But honestly, it's even worse when you buy business software. You end up with fragmented disconnected systems that cost a fortune and don't talk to each other Oh doo completely changes that. Odu comes fully complete, with all your business apps perfectly integrated and working together seamlessly. It's everything your business needs in one place, saving you time, headaches, and serious money Paying for missing pieces Go to odoo. com That's odWo. com to learn more self directed investing trrading Full service wealth management, automated investing, financial planning, thematic investing, retirement planning. few and to think That's just a small taste of what Swab offers The Geschwabe knows that when it comes to your finances Choice matters No matter your goals, investing style, life stage, or experience, Schwab has everything you need, all in one place So you can invest your way Visit Schwab d. com to learn more This is the Global News podcast from the BBC World Service. I'm Alex Ritszon and in the early hours of Tuesday the seventh of July, these are our main stories. The United States crash out of the World Cup losing to Belgium despite having one of their star footballers on the pitch after intervention from President Trump The BBCI investigation finds evidence of detention centers for Ukrainians in Russia and occupied Ukraine with allegations of torture and conflict related sexual violence. And we hear from a twelve year old girl in Venezuela who survived for thirty two hours under the rubble Following two devastating earthquakes Also in this podcast Red is the loudest color of these crowds religious flags symbolizing blood and revenge. The coffin of the late suupreme leader of Iran, Ali Khamin Nayi, is driven through Tehran's streets filled with millions of people And we learn about how quasars light up the universe We begin with football and the World Cup. The co hosts of the United States are out of the tournament after losing for one to Belgium For the Americans, it was a disappointing end, particularly as they hadd played well until this match. It was an exciting game but overshadowed by a row that went before it. In the Americans' previous match, the US player follower in Ballogan, received a red card and got an automatic one game ban People's governing global body FIFA then suspended that ban, meaning he was available for the game against Belgium There was outrage when President Trump revealed that he'd called FIFA to lobby on behalf of Balakan. BBC's Pete Ross explained why this caused so much controversy. I think the reason this has grabbed so much attention, Alex, is the sort of unprecedented nature in the way that FIFA has stepped in To be clear when a player gets a red card and is sent off during a game at the World's Cup, under the current laws, they are automatically suspended for the next match. Now in the competition's ninety six year history, one hundred eighty nine other players have been sent off All of those only once has a player escaped a suspension. That was in nineteen sixty two. It was Brazil's Garina, a great of the game. And that was actually before automatic bans were in place. And at the time, that was also controversial and it was shrouded in allegations of political interference. and it's those questions of political interference in this case that I think rarabbed so much attention. Europe's governing body, UEFA, in a fairly unprecedented intervention of its own in the middle of a tournament accused FIFA of crossing a red line by making what it described as an incomprehensible and unjustifiable decision rescind Baligan's automatic one match band. Some suggested that President Trump's intervention also brings into question the credibility of the tournament and does it now actually perhaps set a precedent? The England manager Thomas Tuult, in England's last match when they defeated Mexico to go into the quarter fininals, one of the England players was sent off at J Konsa And he said in an interview that should perhaps England appeal that red card? of course there' be perhaps many coaches that would suggest the same. And finally, some said that if the US had one It might have, you know, tainted their victory. but of course, that's not really an issue now because they have, as you said, gone out the World Cup. They Yeah, in the end, the US strikers' inclusion did not help No, Fon Balliggan did not manage to help his team. It was a fairly comprehensive victory for Belgium. They won for one in the end. they took an early lead. the US got back into the game with a quick equalizer, but it was only an even game for a couple of minutes and then Belgium scored another go And as you said, it fnded up So Ballagan not much help. And the day's other knockout games Spain and Portugal played earlier. what happened in that game? many saying It's the end of the road for one of the all time gres, Ronaldo Yeah, that's right. He was pictured almost in tears at the end of the game his Portugal side went down one mill to a ninety one minute all scored in the ninety first minute by Spain. As you say, one of the games great. posossibly some would say the greatest of all time. lots of records. He's the only man in the history of the World Cup to score in six consecutive tournaments, however, he didn't score in this game and that meant that his team went out Pete Ross A BBCI investigation has verified the existence of one hundred and ninety five detention centres across Russia and occupied Ukraine where Ukrainian civilians are being held. Prosecutors and survivors say that torture and conflict related sexual violence is endemic Since twenty fourteen, sixteen thousand have been detained or disappeared in Russian occupied areas. The I team has identified some of the perpetrators offffering a rare insight into a prison system international observers have no free access to Tanya Herchenko from the BBC World Service reports For three years and thirteen days of my life, my soul and body were crippled I don't remember what an ordinary life is anymore mullah Husseinva is one of many former detainees from Ukraine speaking publicly about what can happen to civilians inside these Russian back centers We are talking about rape, sexual slavery, torture, and that these are not accidental acts of violence, but a clearly organized policy which Russia uses as a tool of war She was detained by pro Russian authorities and held for three years. She was accused of spying, but she says she had been helping orphanages and taking food to Ukrainian soldiers Along with many others, she was held in the notorious Izozze prison One of ninety three detention sites PBCI has verified in the occupied part of the country, along with one hundred two in Russia where Ukrainian civilians are held Ludmulla was freed in a prisoner' swap and campaigns for other prisoners, but the memories of that time are still raw. someone started pinching me, turning me and saying It's not a peach of course. Not a d apricot either. A raisin That's how they judged my body Wh you Lilo Along with the trauma of sexual assault, she also struggles to eat. She was forced to consume uncooked food mixed with soil and garbage. They told me to sit under the camera and eat. I put it in my mouth I spat it out, but there was some left. The taste of this food will stay with me for the rest of my life. The BBC worked with Bodan Ko Soardicko, an investigator who uses open source investigation known as OsN find Ludmilla's alleged abusers Bhodan found information on the man that Ludmilla Ths arrested her and was present when she was sexually assaulted His name is Temerbek We were able to establish all his phone numbers, including the ones he uses now. He hides his digital footprint the best he can. He's married with a daughter and a grandchild The man who forced Rummilla to eat garbage is known as Yermak Lidmulla heard his voice many times never saw his face But us At That time when Ermach came to meet me, I wore a bag on my head and turned to face the wall My hands were behind my back he shouted Are you for Ukraine I said, I'm for justice After that, he began to beat me Y Mark is from the Donetsk region It's not clear whether he iss working in Azelzia today, but still lives in the area. The photos of him and his family show him apparently enjoying life Anna Susonska leads the general prosecutor's team working on conflict related sexual violence. Our youngest victim when she was subjected to sexual violence by the Russian military was four years old The oldest was an eighty two year old woman. There is a very small difference in numbers between male survivors and female survivors. This shows us in fact sexual violence is a weapon of war, and as I keep saying, the cheapest, most effective and efficient way In response to the BBC's allegations, the Russian emmbassy in the UK said that Russia has consistently advocated respect for the rule of law and allegations of war crimes being committed are investigated by the Russian authorities Even though Lul is free, she cannot forget what is still going on M for Islam? obvly sure. I was lucky that the exchange actually happened, but my knowledge of how many girls remain It stops me from enjoying freedom and being at peace no thispaz aris She hopes that her perpetrators will feel the full force of the law one day. Yemenist traist For me, justice is not revenge For me, justice is the decree that these people intentionally, deliberately did what they did I want them to be punished by law. If the Murbec isn't imprisoned, then justice for me will be their names as criminals and torturous will be known to their children. That would also be justice. Sita Budd is still doingist Tanya Harchenko from the BBC World Service and you can watch the full documentary BBCI, Ukraine Survivors finding my abusers on BBCI Player in the UK and on the World Service YouTube channel The authorities in Venezuela now say at least three thousand five hundred people were killed in the twin earthquakes of twelve days ago There have been some remarkable stories of resilience A twelve year old girl called Fabiana has described how she was trapped beneath the rubble of her apartment building, waiting thirty two hours for help to arrive. She eventually got out without serious injuries. Our correspondent Jogeta L Moye went to meet her This is a video of twelve year old Fabiana smiling as she peers through a hole It's been shared across Venezuela as a symbol of hope And after thirty two hours under the rubble This is the moment when she was rescued walking out into the arms of her mother, Karina I was moving things around me so I could extricate one of my legs from under the rubber. That's when I found some ketchup and grated cheese. It helped me stay conscious and survive, Fabiana told us. She showed us a video she recorded while trapped under the rubble. I'm alone, please help me, she says. She'd hoped to send it to someone, but communications were db I've seen a video of you when they first established contact with you and you're smiling. How did you manage to keep smiling through that That smile which has gone all over the world, it was because after so many hours of being shut in, I heard voices and realized I was going to survive, said Tabiana. Stories like hers are giving people hope amid despair Yog Gitar Lemoer with that report The body of Iran's late Supreme leader, Ali Khammain Nai is now in the holy city of Guam which is revered by Shia Muslims. The coffin arrived there after millions of people filled the streets of Tehran on Monday for a funeral procession. One will be held in Guam as well as Iraq's holy cities of Nejaf and Kabllah before Ali Khammenyi, who was killed in US Israeli airstrikes in February, is buried later this week In Tehran, children and their parents raised their fists during the procession. and carried red flags and banners with revenge written on them Our Chief international correspondent, Lise Tussette is there reporting on condition that none of her material is used on the BBC's Persian service. These restrictions apply to all international media operating in Iran linched fist of Iran's Islamic Republic raised one generation to the next Now as it baries the last of its founders A fist of defiance is the official symbol. in a week of public mourning and political messaging The most significant day The spectacle Iran wants the world to see rem leadeerss Cortge inching through the city Slow and stop by millions of mourners and four other caskets for his family members. The smallest, painted with Iran's flag for his granddaughter, Zara all killed by U.S. Israeli airirstrikes in the very first hours of the February warar Red is the loudest color of these crowds Religious flags symbolizing blood and revenge singling out President Trump as their target very soon You will see the sign of revenge at the top of their white house And soon the color of the white house will change the same as the color of my flag The procession's six mile journey ended here, Azadi Freedom Seare Iran's historic landmark. for the seventy nine revolution and the waves of anti government protests since then Nearly four decades ago, I was in Iran when it buried its first supreme leader, Ayatollah Kumini Now a second cleric has assumed his mantle, Mushabah Hamene But he's not been seen in public since the airstrikes which killed his father severely injured him. In the margins of this moment, Iranians pull us aside Some to tell us you must tell the truth A our defiance Two women cied completely in black, came up to me and whispered The real Revolution happened here on these streets six months ago, with the protests crushed with force, which killed many thousands reminder of a country now pulling different directions There and the men now charting its future who survived weeks of war are trapped in talks to end this conflict with the country who killed theirir suupreme leader Please Duset reporting from Terra Still to come in this podcast. We actually sleep the same bedroom like we have a bumpy bed. like we sleep up sleep down. A bump bed. Yeah. We hear how the rising cost of living in China is putting couples off from having children This is the story of the One The one who keeps multiple buildings running smoothly, day after day pllumbing that flows, H vac that hums, cleaning supplies that keep surfaces sparkling. That's why she counts on Granger. With easy reordering online and twenty four seven support, Granger helps her keep the product she needs on hand. So shelves stay stocked, and buildings, stay ready. Call one eight hundred Granger, click Granger d. com or just stop by. Granger for the ones who get it done is the American dream posossible I'm Am Makhalad, one of the hosts of the Global Story podcast from the BBC. One of the most successful exports the United States has ever sold the world is the American Dream, that tantalizing promise of a better, freer, richer life Is it still attainable? I feel like the American dream is alive but not well For more, listen to the gllobal story on bbc. com or wherever you get your podcast Investing with Schwab is like spending a Saturday at a great farmer's market. You can fill your reusable tote with a bit of everything. Maybe you go for some free range self directed investing, or perhaps you pick up a few farm fresh trades while you peruse. You can even get help from a dedicated advisor. That's full service wealth management Match and change your mind whenever you want because it' Schwab You can invest your way. No matter your goals or appetite for investing, Schwab has everything you need all in one place. Visit schchwab. com to learn more. This is the Global News podcast Weight loss treatments, injections and pills are earning hundreds of millions of dollars for their makers across the world every week and helping millions of people slim down Now, the once a day Wagovi pill made by the Danish company Novo Nordisk, is available to buy privately in the UK. It contains the same ingredient, semi glutide as the Wagovi weight loss injections. The BBC's medical editor Fergus Walsh explains how the pills work differently to injections It works pretty much in the same way. It mimics a natural hormone that controls appetite and makes you full And it slows the progress of food through the summer With the injectable, that's once a week self injection under the skin, you have to store it in the fridge This is now a daily tablet. You've got to take it on an empty stomach with a small bit of water, but it's a daily table. It doesn't need to be refrigerated. and so for the a lot of people who don't want to have an injection, this opens up this vast market. But in terms of what is available here in the UK, you would still have to buy it and it costs a lot of money Yeah, it's about one hundred pounds a month, one hundred and thirty dollars a month. you have to get it by prescription. you have to be prescribed, but there's a lot of online bscribing but just opening this up now globally. I've gott to tell you that this whole market for weight loss injections is vast. So The main competitor to Nova Nordis, which is a Danish company is Eli Lilly and Eli Lillily now makes How much do you think it makes per week from its weight loss injections? Is know what I mean for millions? One billion dollars per week in revenue. So Mountjara or Z bound it's called in the U.S. That is now the world's best selling drug. It's the best selling drug of all time. Now Nova Nordisk and I Ly have been in this the last few years. Nobin is you know still making six hundred forty million dollars a week from its Weovi treatments. so it's a lot of money. And the market here is vast. is absolutely vast. Now, interestingly The semi gllutide, this active ingredient actually came off patent in India a few months ago And something like fifty different generic semi gllutide pill forms injectables have flooded the market in India which has one of the highest total number of obese people in the world for its population size And as a result the cost because these are generic rather than branded has dropped dramatically. So this market is vast and I can tell you there's something like five sixty seven different weight loss medications in the pipeline The tablet form is a bit less effective, but we're still talking about a lot a lot of weight loss, but They come with risks. And what are those risks? And I guess because there's been a lot of concern about people who maybe don't need them, getting their hands on because they'd like to slim down for summer or whatever. Yeah, absolutely. If you don't need them, if you do not need a medication, if you're just doing it for cosmetic reasons, really shouldn't take it, because they come with, you know general common side effects, and you can imagine, if you're slowing down the progress of food through the gut is things like stomach problems, nausea, vomiting diarrhea, constipation But there can be rare complications, inflammation of the pancreas, pancreatitis, which can be very serious and Problem is Pretty much These are drugs for life Fergus Walsh, speaking to Luke Jones Scientists say they found the two oldest quasars ever recorded using a European space telescope. Formed after the Big Bang, the quasars are the intensely bright cores of early galaxies powered by supermassive black holes The ancient pair of quasars was discovered by the Euclid telescope Tim Frank spoke to Demming Yang The lead author of the study Some galaxies have this blazing core and their are quizzers They are among the brightest objects in the universe And at their center, there's actually a giant black hole And the reasons why they are so bright is that their gravity pulls in the gas and dust from the galaxy, which spiral toward the black hole, like water going down a drain And during this process, all the gas gets heated up and they shine and they are so bright that even outshine the entire galaxy around it. I mean, it seems amazing that just even in the very early stages of the universe and you're looking at What about six hundred million years or so after the after the big bangs so right at the start that these Huge events were happening then. firstirst six hundred million year may sound very long for many people. And that's actually a long lasting puzzle of the astrophysics How does supermasod blocko? how do they grow from? and how do they grow so fast? And that's actually an unresolved problem in the field. and people are suggesting maybe they started very big We don't know yet, but you know, every step further backac in time. makes this puzzle on one side harder, but also providing more valuable clues to all these questions. So definitely we need to find more. It sounds like it's opening up more questions in a way. Can you tell me about just the mechanics of this? I mean what this Euclid telescope How it allows you to peer so far back into the origins of the universe? So Euclid is a space based infrared survey telescope, is a lot of terms, but it includes all the specialties about it It serice and enormous areas of the sky So right now we are having a telescope that combines the survey area and also the sensitivity in the infrared And that's combining these two factors, we can actually find very rare sources in the very early universe It must have been an enormously exciting moment, the point at which you realized that you and your colleagues, that you'd got to the oldest quasars ever recorded Yeah, we were definitely excited. It's just a normal observation run. and you know, in observation run, we have to state up. We were very tired and we saw it, we were kindind of overwhelmed already Tim Franks, speaking to Diming Yang Over the last few years, China's population has started to fall. That process will gather pace in the coming decades. By the end of the century, it will have hundreds of millions of fewer people. Mickey Bristo looks at why it's happening, what the government is doing about it and what it might mean for the country. You for. Hannah is reading with her two year old son in their flat in Beijing Just like his mother and father and millions of other Chinese people Her toddler is an only child unlily to remain so I think one child is enough for me and for my family. I grew up in a single child family and I have many friends and classmates to play with. so I don't really feel lonely. So Anna I'm not using her real name because every topic in China is sensitive is happy with one child, but for her government, that's not enough They want parents to have two or three children because the country's population is falling Over the next few decades, it will collapse That seems at odds with what many think they know about China And it has too many people. The Chinese government once thought so too That's why it rot in the one child policy The children of China may now get brothers and sisters It took a while. But Chinese officials realizeed they'd made a mistake with their calculations ten years ago, they abandoned the onene Ch policy expecting couples to suddenly start having more children. didn't happen Professor Wang Feng from the University of California Irvine Ples One child was an abnormal Norm imposed by the government But thirty five years of the one tile policy. the only children growing up They felt it's fine. I'm the only child. I don't either have two children The rising cost of living is also pushing couples to have fewer children.