The Treaty of Arras and Peace

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Plus, surprise Flash Deals july sixth. Don't wait. Shop Wayfare's Fourth of July clearance now through july sixth at wayfare dot com d ery fair every style, every home. Before I switched to Wealthfront, my API was probably zero point one. Once I switched chitching. With the Wealthfront cash account, earn up to four point two percent APY on your cash. I can trust Wealthfront is taking care of me. Make your money earn more. Get started at wealthfront dot com cllients paid thousand dollars for their testimonials creating a conflict of interest. How come s here. point percent, API as of juary thirieth twenty six is representative variable and earned onunds sw to program bank. point five percent new client boost for three months and up to one hundred fifty thousand dollars. Directposit one thousand dollars a month fund invest account for a point fivecent increaseash account offered by Wealthfrontrokerage LLC member Fer IC dot I'm Dr. Eleanor Yianaga, and welcome to Gone Medieval fromom History Hit. A podcast that delves into the greatest millennium in human history We uncover the greatest mysteries, the gobbspacking details, and the latest groundbreaking research from the Vikings to the Normans. From kings to popes to the crusades We delve into the rebellions, plots, and murders that tell us who we really were And how we got here Dark and dank November Eve in the year fourteen oh seven predatory and pleasure loving nobleman rides through the back straets of Paris As befitting his status, he's surrounded by a posse of guards lighting the way with crackling torches The Duke sings to himself, turning over the events of the evening in his mind A pleasurable audience with the quQueen But in the dark shadows ahead, Lurkss a terrifying fate. As the entourage passes through the Barbet gate, the Duke is seized upon by a band of cutthroat assassins. Their face is concealed by blood red hoods. shhouting kill him, kill him! they drag him from his horse, sever his hand from his wrist, and cleave his head in two, leaving his brains to spill upon the dusty cobbles below Long after the last threads of the Duke's life had frayed away. They continued to beat him mercilessly As if they were beating a mattress, one witness said and then they slunk off into the night as swiftly as they had appeared Naturally, any cold blooded murder on the streets of medieval Paris came as a shock. But this victim was no ordinary nobleman He was Louis I. The Duke of Orleans Brother to the mad king Charles VI of France An effective regent of the realm Retribution seemed inevitable. There was just one hitch The murder had been ordered by Louis's own cousin. John the Fearless And so, in the wake of this grizzly familial hit job Medieval France plunged into the flames of civil war the factions of Burgundy and Orleans later, known as the Armagacs, battled one another for nearly thirty years All while the forces of English King Henry V ran rampant across the French countryside. and frrooted the flower of French chivalry at the Battle of Ajincourt I'm Dr. Eleanor Yanga And this is gone at Evil Today, we're unpicking one of the most compelling and blood soaked episodes in French history the story of assassinations Civil warar. Butchered bodies and severed heads kicked through the streets of Paris. All at the very moment England returned to exploit France's collapse from within To help me explore it all I'm thrilled to be joined by Justine Finn Habber Baker Professor of History at the University of St. Andrews, and author of The House of Lilies dynasty that made medieval France Justine, welcome back to God Medieval Oh, I'm so happy to be here. So nice to see you, Elana. Listen, you say that you are happy to be here, but unfortunately, I've dragged you on to try to talk about one of the most complex Cxedate medieval period. And so I think by the time of this you will be lucky to escape by clutches I'm gonna do my best to like brings some clarity to what is a very confusing period of French history And English history actually. It's interesting how much England is going to come into this You said it yourself. All right. so I think this is so complex. I think we have to start with the biggest possible questions. And so that is, what is the civil war between the Burgundians and the Armeniacs? because this is As we say this hugely consequential thing, not just for the French, but for the English in the fifteenth century, right Yeah Okay, let's start with just dates first of all We can the Civil War You might want to start at the beginning of hostilities in fourteen ten or you might want to move backward to fourteen o seven with the assassination of the Duke of Orleans by the Duke of Burgundy However, move even further back into the thirteen nineties When the Duke of Orleans is really butting heads against the Duke of Burgundy's father also a duke of Burgundy And there so sometime between the Let's say thirteen ninety six ish And fourteen Ton The Civil War is getting going and really breaks out in fourteen ten But then the end of it doesn't really come until fourteen thirty five with a treaty at the city of Aas, between The duke the third Duke of Burgundy that we're going to talk about and the then King of France, Charles theII In between that period, ending in fourteen thirty five You've got The Battle of Aljancourps, the invasion of Henry V. you've got the establishment for a bright little moment there of what looks like is going to be the double monarchy of England and France. We'll talk about why that doesn't happen. So it's really bigig chunk of time in which the kingdom of France is divided against itself under these two factions called the Burgundians, Andy Armin Yacs Now. So we've got the time Now, Burgundian and Armagac. so Listeners will have already heard me talk about the Duke of Burgundy. and we've got three Dukes of Burgundy here, right? We've got Philip the Bold who starts out butting heads with Louis of Orleans in the thirteen nineties got his son John the feearless to Upon Philip, the Bold's death in fourteen oh four takes over and then assassinates Louis of Orleans And then you've got Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy, who will start reigning in fourteen nineteen Now they're big on In me as you've heard Is this Duke of Orleans who gets killed in fourteen oh seven So where do we get armigniac from Well Y is a fashion I understand it's made out of grapes. Yeah. Yes,'s like yeah, do you like wine or do you like liquor? So the arrmagignacs come into it when the count of Armagignac marries his daughter to the son of the murdered Duke Louis of Orleans in fourteen ten. And this is what forms the Armignac faction The Count of Armignac, a guy named Bernard VIventI. Bernard VII marries his eleven year old daughter to the eldest son of the assassinated Duke Louis of Orleans in ' fourteen ten And because Bernard V seventh is such a strong personality, The name he gives the faction's name comes from him and because his soldiers are known to be so cruel. People stop calling everybody on the side of this faction, the Armignacs Why I suppose the big question that is why do they find each other to be enemies, right? Like becausecause it's listen, here you are in theory over in Burgundy. Youve got this incredibly wealthy duchy, which, you know 's been argued we can even call an empire at a point in time And then you've got like the Dukes of Orleans, like they're not exactly down on their luck and you do have kind of a buffer zone between the two areas. So why on earth do they fall out to begin with? Okay, so this has to do with the Crown of France and it has to do with getting your hands on the Crown of France's resources. So The King of France is quite powerful And because of the Hundred Years War, the Crown of France has started to be able to collect a lot of taxes. Now. We know that those taxes are used for the army against England They are also used in order to pay the Princes, particularly the princes of Royal blood Tensions This sounds a lot like corruption to us, but what the princes are supposed to do with those pensions is to do things like raise troops to fight against England Right But so a lot of money comes from the crown That was okay for a while because the king was quite strong under the reign of Charles the F, who dies in thirteen eighty. And he worked very well together with his brothers But his son, Charles VI, first comes to the throne as a miner And then he goes mad in thirteen ninety two And at that point Fill up the bowl of burgundy who was the brother of the previous king Charles V, and so the uncle of the new king Charles theI takes over the government. He'd been really in charge of the minority government as well And now that Charles is Charles the six is mad, basically takes over running the Kingdom of France for his royal nephew Ever Charles VI has a brother. brother is Louis of Orleans Okay. Louis of Orleans He's twenty years old when his brother goes mad And he thinks that he really ought to have an equal say in the government along with his uncle, Philip the Bald of Burgundy. The Duke of Organs, it sounds smaller Then the Duchy of Burgundy and it is in terms of territory But the Duke of Orleans is equal to Phillip the Bold of Burgundy in terms of royal blood And so they rub up against each other real hard across the thirteen nineties up until Bold's death in fourteen o four. And there is a moment actually when Philip the Bold marches on Paris and it looks like Civil warar is going to break out But they're more or less able to keep a balance of power between them When Philip the Bold dies He' heir A guy named John eventually called John the feearless doesn't have that same connection to the crown And so he instantly loses half his money and he doesn't have nearly the same prestige of Louis de Orleans So his ability to kind of go in there and grab royal resources and say, I should have a say over what's happening to the king is much less than that of that his father, Philip the Balolds had been. That's ultimately why he decides to kill Louis of Volians. So is this the catalyst of the war, you know, or is it? mean I mean, I suppose it's been brewing for a long time. But when you have this incredibly powerful, wealthy family, in their opinion, suddenly deprived money. that kind of shoots them out on their way. And I mean, I suppose from John's perspective This is That's like a real issue in terms of money. And then from Louis's perspective To be fair, it's not like they hadn't been marching troops around before. I mean should they have seen this coming or is this like odd kicks off of this way The assassination Yeah is surprising when you have to remember that in thirteen ninety nine, so only eight years before Henry IV had basically had usurped the throne and basically had Richard II starved to death Right? You know, his hands weren't actually bloody, but everybody knew assassinations, they did They did happen There were actually quite a few of them across the fourteenth century and there will be more of them in the fifteenth century This was prettyretty shocking though. And actually Jon the Fearess had to run away immediately once he got found out. and basically he couldn't keep it to himself. He actually confessed it And then having confessed it, he was like, wait a minute and he runs for Burgundy. because he's really He's fearless now, okay? Yeah. John somewhat fearful. But then he marches back in like a few months later and like has a professor at the University of Paris do this really long justification for the murder where John the where he claims that Louis of Orleans was a tyrant and It's good to kill tyrants Therefore, it was good to kill Louis Orleans. And so John MFilus kind of decides to own this act Even though it's not even just an assassination. I mean, Louis Vleond was his cousin. It's kinlaying. Okay, first of all, I just love the University of Paris in the fifteenth century. They're just like, yeah, I don't know. what is what does Burgundy want?? that's basically their entire amo Yeah. Well, they have this ideological connection to Burgundy. Burgundy keeps, the Dukes of Burgundy keeps saying they're going to do everything the University of Paris wants in terms of the government Idologically, Burgundy is like We're going to let people have a say and the taxes are going to be low and we're going to get the corruption out of government. So John the Fearless is this terrible assassin, but he's also like presents himself as the good guy in terms of the government and really bringing morality back to government It's really interesting Wait, wait wait let's back up very slightly though. because so Absolutely, John the Fearless gets Louis assassinated How does that play out? you know, how do you get to someone like the Duke of Orleans? Like does Louis see this coming at all Louis does not see a comic. Oh, its it's a wonderfully, wonderfully dramatic situation So John had gotten really f. for lots of little reasons such as build on top of each other. It's not just the money. it's also how Louis is dealing with the papal schism and how he is dealing with the English and in The spring of fourteen o seven John is like, okay I just gott to kill him So he actually hires some people to go and find a house in Paris. will be on Louis's regular routes through Paris and gets a gang of assassins together, but they can't find a house in June Like it's such a Parisian story. like you want to do this thing, you just cannot find anything to rent. That's like the more things change, right? It''s still impossible. So yeah, so the Parisian real estate market always is a nightmare But in November, they do find They find a house They find a house very near to the quQueen's residence Now here's something I haven't mentioned yet It's rumored and it is rumored even at the time and these rumors become much more baroque later on. that the Duke of Orleans and the quQeen The mad King's wife are having an affair A Yes Maybe we'll talk about that a little bit later, but that's the rumor. Anyway On the twenty third of November Louis is coming home from the Queen's ess He's only got a couple of people with him We know from a woman who is watching from a window above, that he was singing to himself and playing with his glove As he went down this dark alleyway with just a couple of people with him and suddenly, just assassins come from all over They kill him, they kill the people with him. They hack him to death so badly that One of his hands is cut off and his brain is on the pavement Yeah Oh my God. And then they set everything on fire And they run off yeah, they run off back to to John the Field is his palace. So it's not like like it's like don't worry. So the neighbors called would the Po of Paris, who is like the chief inspector of Paris, who starts an investigation and the investigation leads like that right back to John the feearless And John of Felis can't keep it to himself anyway. As I said, like he spills the beans to his uncle, Duke Jean of Bergis and another of his cousins, the Duke of Anjou, and they're like, whoa man. That's some serious stuff. and John's like, you know, the devil made me do it. That's before he decides this thinging about tyranny. Yeah, yeah. Yeah Okay, wait, wait, wait, wait. So here we go. John is just freaking out and quite right too, probablyably not ideal to have murdered someone and then have everybody know He's confessed everything. We've got the University of Paris backing it up being like, oh, for sure dog. Yeah. of the University of Paris, but the Chancellor of the University of Paris is like Oh about that one Yeah, like I mean, how does the rest of Paris react to this? because it seems like not ideal to have noblemen cutting each other down in the streets. No, but John the Fearless was really good at stirring up the crowd And his father, Philip the Bald had been pretty good at that too Both of them are really good at propaganda And here's an interesting thing. This is just at the period when paper is becoming really available in Northern France You'd had it in Southern France a lot before, but something you can make cheap copies really quickly, even before you've got the printing press So they do all this pamphletteering. of why John the Fearless is so great and all the wicked things that Louis of Orleans did. And by the way, did you know that like maybe something's going on with the queen And you know, why your taxes are high? That's because Louis of Orleans wanted them high because he wanted to go conquer himself an Italian kingdom. Nothing good for you. And have you seen the queen's headdresses That's gonna to be costing you some money too So John the Fearless is like this popular candidate of, you know, low taxation and against all this princely excess. So there were a lot of people. I mean when he comes back to Paris about or five months after the assassination to hear this Parisian professor give this long speech about justifying the murder of Louis of Orleans. Like the Parisians are at their window shouting. . John of Burgundy. This is great Um, It's Yeah, it's very It's got some interesting modern parallels. You know, it's one of the first real instances you can see of demagoguery and almost a cult of personality Okay, so on the one hand, we've got the people in the streets reading pamphlets and loving all of this Burgundian escalation do if you're in the Orleans faction, right? Like it's, you know, you had your patriarch murdered in the street and everyone's like, hell yeah, brother, let's take him down. I mean, what what do you say to that Okay, so had the Allly on family is has got some handicaps has Louis of Orleans's oldest son. Charles of Orleans was a day shy of thirteen. when his father was assassinated So there's not a lot he can do Louis Orleans's widow, however, A woman named Valentina Viscanti is very active in trying to push for something to be done And she does this the whole performance of her own throwing herself in tears before the king and demanding justice And from now on, the Orleans family will only wear black And they they have these black flags with the justice emblazoned on them So yeah, so they're doing this whole performance of their own Oh, yeah. And the King loves Valentine of Viscanti. When he's crazy, he actually prefers her to his own wife and there's there's a whole thing. But a lot of people think there's a lot of popular perception that Valentina Viscanti is actually an Italian witch who is maybe responsible for the kings. this is also ly Burgundian propaganda. But Valentina Viscanti is not that Ber And again, the king is mad. So when Valentina's on her knees in front of him crying for vengeance The king is like, Yes, absolutely. That sounds very distressing But nothing ever happened, notothing ever becauseomes of it And Valentina does not have a friend in the queen. The two have never gotten on well, which is because Valentina's father killed the quQeen's grandfather. but That's another story It's so messy. Oh, these people. I sw Okaykay, wait, all right. Yeah. I guess my next question, next messy question This is where the armenacs get involved, right? Like they come onto the scene at this point. Well why do they want to? right? Because it's sort of like, I mean, sure The Orleans is traditionally pretty a powerful house. You've got these close ties to the king and everything Is this like one of these o, I sense an opportunity for more money or is this I sense an opportunity to mess with the Burgundians? Yeah, that is an interesting question. Now The Count of Armagac had actually been an ally of Louis of Orlegans And that actually dates back to before John the Fearless's time. Armagac had acknowledged Louis of Orleans as the preeminent Pince of the Bood which is interesting. and a phrase is really designed kiss off Philip the Bolt, who was like, I I am the preeminent Prince of the blood Now Louis Volon So there's this preree existing alliance and it is sealed with a number of marriage alliances that also involve the Duke of Brittany. And so there was a sort of reactivation of that alliance in fourteen ten Now, by this time Valentina Visconti has died. So it is really just Charles of Orillan who at that point is about sixteen. who are around to to take this forward So at that point, Orleans is really weak and Armagiac kind of has to it's Armigniac's faction to mold as he will, really. I mean, he is the most It's not that he is the most powerful person there because he's only a countount and everybody else who signs up when the faction is formed are dukes. And actually if you look at the treaty where they all sign H signature is the last. He is the last in terms of preeminence. But he is the most forceful personality wise, and also he is a pretty decent general which nobody else is. and they're all really quite too young. So the House of Bourbons signs on as well, but it's not Duke of Bourbon at that point who signs on, it's his son. The Duke dies soon thereafter and so we get this new Duke of Bourbon who is Enhusiastic arrmignac And I It also has to do with Armignacc's troops. who are who just make a really big impression on everyone P because they don't speak French in the way that Northern French They speak oxytone, which is a different separate language from French The Northern people think that they're uncivilized. And they do spend quite a lot of time ravaging the countryside around Paris So he makes a big impression You want to get your backyard summer ready, but you don't want to break the bank? Wayfare gets it. Pning on dining alfresco or relaxing poolside Wayfair has everything you need to prep your space. Shop now and save up to seventy percent off during Wayfare's fourth of July clearance. sccore huge deals on outdoor furniture, area rugs, and more. We're talking thousands of products for every style and budget. Plus, sururprise Flash Deals july sixth. Don't wait. Shop Wayfare's Fth of July clearance now through july six at wayfare dot com d Every wireless service comes with a cost, right? Wrong. The Text Now app lets you do your thing for free. Get real talk, real text, and five G data for must have apps with no monthly bill. Need more data? add it right from the app. Done, G back to free. No long term contracts, no pressure, no surprises, just wireless that works around you Text Now, we've got your back. Download teext Now in your app store today. Wireless plans require theurchase of a SI card. visit textnow d. com for terms and conditions A a civil war. Reiside Cromwell's Republic, the monarchy returned. Britain would never be the same I'm Professor Susanna Lipskum and this month on not just the Tudors, we're transported back to the age of restestoration royalty from Charles II to Queen Anne and the birth of the Empire Join me on not just the Tutors from History Hit, wherever you get your podcasts I mean, I guess that's fair enough to say, right? Like we got These people who are able to kind of come into what is already a messy conflict and make it messier somehow, which is great, you know So what's happening in this period? You know, we've got Paris sort of as the epicenter, I think we can say for a lot of this fighting. know As you just say, they're kind of harrying around things What is would you say the kind of turning point for them to go from trying to win back control Paris Like from, you know, basically the Burgundians, they got this incredible aganda campaign, as you say And how do they say, Okaykay, well, never mind We're not even going to worry about like trying to win it back to kind of like we're attacking this. like I mean, this is quite a brutal maneuver and a big Change in tactic, I would say Well, the Burgundians have Paris. And Paris is very firmly on the Burgundian side and the armignacs. So when hostilities break out, yes, Paris is at The epicenter of this Both sides actually, in fourteen eleven, the Burgundians invite English troops in to help them And then in fourteen twelve, the Armagacs It switches. and then in fourteen twelve, it's the arrmagacs who have English troops come in. Well, yeah, and they're different English troops, because in fourteen eleven, it's Henry the four's son, later Henry the Wh sends troops? And in fourteen twelve, it's Henry IV himself, who sends troops, right? So this also has to do with hostilities over in England The Burgundians then kind of overreach. And there is a revolution in Paris called the Caboen Revolts in fourteen thirteen that Finally, the University of Paris gets to do all these things it wants to do, right? And this is big reform ordinance But they are in an alliance with the butchers of the city called after one of the names of one of the butchers Kabush The Kabosha And they sort of starts such a reign of terror that John the Fearless loses credibility and has to leave Paris. And then the armignacs take over for five years until there is an anti arrmignac uprising in ' fourteen eighteen And the count Bernard VII of Armagignac actually gets killed in this uprising and they actually Slay him out on the street And no, it's like really, really bloody. L literally people are kicking around heads, severed heads in the street like they are footballs. Oh my Lord No is really all this During the Civil War, France goes into free fall in a moral way as well as politically and all the rest of it. Like peopleople are doing things they really would have been surprised have to see themselves doing Okay. But of course, between fourteen thirteen and fourteen eighteen eighteen, what happens? Well, Ajancour Yeah. Right So Aljean Cor' fourteen fifteen, the invasion of Henry V in which for a brief moment wins the Hundred Years War is happening in the midst of all of this and is really only able to happen because of this civil war. Now it's not for sure that John the Fearless was in on the Ajan Cps invasion I think there wasn't a formal agreement actually A lot of armagacs got killed the Battle of Ajan Ct, and John Le Felus himself was not there Charles of Orleans in fact gets captured in the Battle of Achancur and does not come back to the kingdom for light thirty years Over thirty years I think that this is an incredibly important point, right? Because there is this tendency. you know, I think a big way that a lot of people relate to the Burgundy Armignac Civil War is By hearing snippets of it if you're reading about the end of the Hundred Years War, or indeed like the rise of Joan of Arc because you understand that there is this whole thing going on in the background and you know, the Burgundians are really after Joan. And so that's sort of how how people know But I mean, fundamentally, the reason why the English have done so well at this point in time isn't because of some sort of like incredible English superiority. I think much is made quite often, for example, of English bowmen who are excellent. I'm not saying that they aren't, but it really helps if like a large part of the Kingdom of France is simply just like not showing up to the battlefield, right Yeah could have gone the other way Henry didn't want to fight Ashamkur He's actually trying really hard to get from Ar Fleur, which is a port on the Norman coast had taken him a good six weeks of bombardment and starvation to subdue But it cost him like half his men They're sick, they don't have enough supplies. They're trying for a quick march to Ca because they can't stay in Harfleur because it's destroyed and he's got to leave a garrison there any wayay to keep the French just from kaking it back. The French are massing this huge army near H And the French are really confident that they have the numbers to make this happen And in fact, they sort of force Henry away from where he wanted to march because he wants to go a straight shot And they divert him. It takes him like three times as long to get anywhere near L A as he wanted to go Battlefield is not a good shape for the French, they are disorganized And yeah, the arrchers. I mean, Anne Curry is a very well respected military historian of this period of the Hundred Years War says yeah, it's the arrchers Shout out, shout out to the archers We love them, you know? So Yeah, I mean They're like tens of thousands of arrows a minute hitting the French in the first phase of that battle And even when they do push further onnce the archers have to stop shooting because they run out of errors eventually Um the archers have put pikes in front of them And then as the French push further in, the battlefield becomes narrower and narrower, so they start just not even being able to move and they get crushed against one another The land is very soft and mushy underfoot, so it's bad for cavalry. I mean, everything's kind of against them So there's this big smashing battle at which again John the Fearless does not show up to. Yeah I'll tell you who wasn't getting arrowed is John the Fearless, right? You know Yeah. Yeah. Well, and he made his heir, the future Duke Philip the Good also not go. And Philip the G claims to have regretted this for the rest of his life that he was prevented from seeking glory at Ajanct, but you yeah, surebro. Yeah. I don't think that glory would have been what he got out. Okay. So we've got this these incredible things that are happening within the H Dears War like on the side, right? Like just just to a cheeky little Battle of Aljencps over here. and that's not even the main event as far as the Burgundians are concerned, right? Eventually we get them re control of Paris in about fourteen eighteen, right? Like Jhn the Fearless he's back baby Tont feel this at this point in time The Armeniacs still mad And We do have the English, I think it's fair to say running a bit of a mug in Western France. Like so so how does John get his hooks back into Paris Oh, well, I mean, when the Parisians do this uprising, this anti arrmaniac uprising in fourteen eighteen You know, after they've killed all the Burgundians and suspected Burgundians and people who weren't even Burgundians They're like, Joh, come back. And it's funny, it's funny because John doesn't come back immediately He has been hanging out in the city of Ta in Champagna Queen Isabau of Bavaria for the last year and they have set up a sort of like shhadow government There And so they hear about this uprising and they sort of slowly make their way back to Paris over the course of the summer because they are not real sure that this is a safe place for them either And it takes a while for John the Fearless to control and to get the Parisians to stop Um massacring people It probably helps that I don't know if it helps or hurts, but there's also a massive wave of plague that starts just after the massacre. So I think that quiet quiets people down as well Yeah, but bigger fish to fry. Yeah, absolutely Yeah. so there's a lot happening There. So so John comes back, he gets Paris He It's not very clear what he wants to do next because There is another player on the scene at this point I'm so sorry listeners, but there's a new there's a new person, a new character to keep track of And this is the douphon. Hey. The dauphin's name is Charles theIventh who will be known by the time of his death as the very Victorious Okay Charles the seventh becomes Dauphin In the spring of fourteen eighteen, when two of his previous older brothers have died in fairly quick succession after Ajan Cps Brothers had basically been pawns of John the Furless or close enough And both had Ted to fight free of that, but not managed it Charles is married to the Duke of Anjou's daughter and he has been raised at the Court of Anjou and the House of Anjou in In French history, these are called the Angavins, which is confusing to an English audience because the Angavins are like kings of England, right? If I accidentally say Angven, I mean the House of Anchu Dooughph from Charles has been raised In on shoe by a duke and a duchess who have burned their bridges with the Burgundians Um And they're not really on the arrmagiac side They're on their own side, but their own side is Anti Burgundian And so they sort of become the face of the Armagac faction and the Dauphon Charles is basasically an armenac He is sort of surrounded by hardcore, by even some old servants of the assassinated Duke Louis of Orleans These are he core people John L Fearlist would like to get his hooks into The dophil Charles The Dauffin Charles wants to stay of that scenario, which did not end well for his brothers and the people around him John the Feless I hate John the Fearless I think that John the Fearless ought to die And indeed That is what they do You want to get your backyard summer ready, but you don't want to break the bank? 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Get started at wealthfront dot com C cllients paid one thousand dollars for their testonial creating conflict of interest outces sor. point three percent,asePI as of january thirieth twenty six is representative viable earn on funds swept to programs.er point five percent new client whos for three months up to one hundred fifty thousand dollars. Direct deosit one thousand dollars a month fund invest account for a pointer point fivecent incase cash account offered by wealthfont broerage LC mem F S ICn in a Okay because Can you explain this whole situation to me because John the feearlist decides. yeah, hey, what's up? Why don't I meet the Dauphin on a bridge in september fourteteen nineteen Like why does he do this? Becauseuse it seems to me that it would just be kind of dangerous to meet up with these people who are like, oh yeah, that's cool. I think that you should be stabbed, you know. Okay, so they had already come to one treaty in the summer that summer, in the summer of ' fourteen nineteen. because Jonath Felless is sort of friends with Henry the Fth, but he's also like Wait a minute This might not work out for me And A thing that is important to remember about the Dukes of Burgundy is that they are also French princes And that is a really important thing to them. I mean, if you look at John the Fearless's Cat of arms The lilies of France are on there very prominently because he iss really proud of his French blood So watching Henry the F, who one is English and two is the son of a usurber. Right? That's watching him dismember the kingdom. That doesn't feel so good for Duke of Burgundy. Yeah. So they're gonna to make friends, right? They're gonna to make friends And finalizeed this treaty The Dformance people say, whyy don't you come down to Mont, which is this little city south of Paris. You can get there on like one of the one of the inner city suburban lines today The Airound day will take you there two euros And they're gonna meet on in the middle of a bridge, whichich okay, sounds kind of crazy. Ecept that a lot of medieval treaties are agreed in the middle of a bridge. The idea being that both sides can retreat quickly and you can't bring a whole army. you know, it's a sort of place which is equally dangerous for both. Yeah It keeps numbers small We're just Yeah And everybody on both sides takes a solemn oath to be on really good behavior. It's going to be all good, right? Ecept that there's a structure in the middle of the bridge. And it's really not clear whether the structure was already there or whether it was built specifically for the occasion And the structure has doors that lock from either side And John, the fearlessest people are like, arere you sure about this, John? This is John's like, this is going to be okay So they go in and the doors are locked Behind John the Fless' people And John goes and kneels in front of Charles And Charles says some nice words and John says some nice words and then Charles' people take out their weapons and hack John the fearlist to death Come on. Cy Like it's not subtle. There are too many people act to death in this. It's just like, wait, which one? Okay, all right. all right. Okaykay, so this has to be premeditated, right? Like you're not, we don't have this weird struct. Okay. Yeah, it's meditated. It's pre meditated. Yeah. I mean, the Dufflum claims tries to claim that Oh, we got scared because it seemed like John the Fearless' people were about to attack us. but the there is further evidence from the Dphon' people later on that actually They had decided to do this, that The Daphin Charles knew about this and had agreed to it This is premeditated. It was really dumb It was so dumb And Charles regretted it And not just for moral reasons. I mean, politically, it was so stupid. Be there's repercussions for this, right? Like you can't just kill the Duke of Burgundy There's repercussions And the repercussions are that the Duchy of Burgundy which had been, you know, a bit tooy about its English sympathies before. now it's like Okay We will formally ally with Henry V. By the end of fourteen nineteen, they are formal allies And The Dauphon's parents decide to disown him. Mm. So who's going to be king of France now Who's going to be heir to the throne now? Henry the Fth. Less than a year after the murder at Montreu, The French and the English agree a treaty called the Treaty of Tix. Remember I told you that the quQueen and John the Fearless were hanging out down in Tis and they had this shadow government set up. Yeah, so that that's why it's hit Tix. Henry marries the Daphin's sister, Catherine And That is going to be what happens when the mad King Charles VI dies However, Henry V dies first justust a few months before Charles the six Okay, so I want to talk about because I used to force my students to learn this particular quote when I was teaching about King Francis I in the fifteenth century. All Okay, so there's this story, possibly apocryphal Right? that at a point in time There is a monk that goes up to King Francis I first, when all of this is sorted out. in fifteen fifteen, and he says He shows him the head. of John the Fearless, the skull of John the feearless. And he says, Sire, this is the hole through which the English entered France Do you sing? that is the because I'm like a baby the English were already here. Like I don't, but that's I mean, I do think that that is probably the h through which. certain treaties were signed. L I think the Treaty of Tis got signed through the wholeole, but I'm not really sure that's how the English got in Yeah, the English were already there. if the Dauphin Charles had managed to reconcile with own the vel this That might have gone a different way though. John the Fearless was a really good general. You know, there could have been a pushback. And you know, the English were never going get to stay in France you know, I mean, all of this falls apart eventually And we'll talk about Johan Arc and all of that, but it was always going to fall apart There's no way England could ever have held on to those conquests. They're just too expensive unless they had managed to somehow reconcile the population wasn't ever going to happen. I mean, it would have taken not just the military skill of Henry the F got it I don't know, like the diplomatic skill of, I don't know, like a betternic or something. Who's the best diplomat you can ever think of And some kind of like England would have had to have had a marshial plan for France. L this isn't gonna Like it's just this Yeah, yeah. There are too many moving parts and it is just to expect and is too logistically difficult maintaining a cross Channel Empire is just really, really hard My personal opinion is I think that Henry would have just moved to France and that I think that England would have become more French That's my that's my personal U belieelf Yeah, the English wouldn't have liked Egls don't like anything Yeah, I mean actually Okay, wait just we can't I can't take us off down the speculative history hole. Okay, hold on, hold on, hold on okay Listen So In theory, we've got the Treaty of Tis But Henry the fif dies but then Charles theI dies within a couple of months of each other. And so sly we've kind of got like that Da Fong is the king. We got Charles theIventI, that he's like, he's back. My dad can't be mad at me because he's dead, you know? the fifth is dead. And then we kind of have this kind of slow Ginding success over the fourteen twenties and thirties. and that just kind of like, is this ends being the end of the Civil War, it's just kind of like too annoying and gray and slow Okay, so There are a number of efforts at reconciling Charles, No Charles theIventh And Burgundy Now ruled by Philip the Good over the fourteen twenties and they come close a couple of times, but it's not until the military situation turns really definitively against the English that Burgundy decides to turn his back on the alliance Yeah. is Partly because the new king of France, Henry VI, who inherits as an infant He has a pretty decent regent in France in the form of his uncle, Duke John of Bedford and Joh of Bedford marries the sister of Philip the Good, and that's That's helpful The English at least leave Burgundy alone to increase his own conquest, although there's a bit of a content when one of Henry VI's other uncles is fighting with the good over the County of Ino But the alliance pretty much holds together until the military situation starts really firmly to go the other way And at the same time, Charles manages to get himself properly crowned and anointed in the cathedral at Hans which, you know, starts to look retty convincing in a way that Henry theI government does not So then and there are a number of other sort of friends and relatives of Philip the Good, including the Duke of Bourbon, saying, actuallyually, you know Maybe it's time And by the time the Treaty of Aras is signed in fourteen thirty five, it has been sixteen years since the murder of John the Fomas. And actually, that treaty is declared. Philip the Good says he is going to make peace with Charles VIh on the sixteenth anniversary of the murder at Montreu So there's really a sort of people have to get to the point where they're ready to say Okay. My that mean to me what it used to I can move on from this. Things have changed enough. Yeah, because I mean, it does, you know say what you will It does need to kind of be addressed. Obviously nobody likes their father being hacked to death on a bridge, do they But is sixteen years later. I mean, I guess it depends on your relationship. I fair enough. I take it back. know. For some people they're like, what are you talk about? That's the dream come true You don't need to apologize It's a You know, I think that within this, you know, we do have And where Philip the Good does have to say like, yeah, that's fine we're going to we're going to sign this treaty. and it seems almost anticlimactic. You know, what was You know, we've gone from multiple people hacked to death. We have people playing football with heads in the streets. We've got you know, all this double dealing And then you just basically get. to this peace treaty in fourteen thirty five and it's like, yeah never mind H right, Treaty of AA anyyway, like we got we gotta go. it just seems so small in the face of everything that had happened. But I mean, I suppose it just becomes too unwieldy. Like this is a very expensive enterprise. You know, there's been English crawling all over the place You know? It's very expensive Philip has other things he wants to do He doesn't want to be propping up the Lancastrian double monarchy anymore It doesn't sit with him well as a prince of the Fleur de Lise which is again, something he is very proud of. There's just not much reason to continue to do this And Charles the seventh has made very clear that he is going to make it hurt for Philip the Good. And even while they are at the conference of us and agreeing this Charles has people in Burgundys lands burning things down So they are, you know, Charles isn't at the conference. Charles never goes anywhere. U And he certainly he and Philip the Good never Meet But even as all of this ties of friendship are being renewed and so on There's still quite a lot of military inducements