Taking Action Against Digital Scams

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And if I don't, I at least give a good reason why I can't . This week, phobituaries. I'm not sure how big this problem is. It could be on one end of the spectrum, just a lazy little nothing problem. On the other, we pull the thread and go down the rabbit hole, Alex. It could potentially lead into some sort of crazy syndicate bot farm thing. This is Marcus. He's 35 years old. He lives in Victoria, British Columbia. And despite this adorably conspiratorial pitch he just made to me, Marcus is actually a very normal guy. He works in sustainability reporting, he just became a father, and he's married to a wonderful woman who, he literally call s my wonderful wife. So how did the normal guy with the wonderful wife come to be talking about rabbit holes in syndic ates? Well it's actually a pretty sad story. And it started about two months ago . On February 16th, Marcus and his wife got a call. That kind of call that people in their 30s never expect to get. One of their very best friends had suddenly died. And the news had left them reeling . Not just because this friend was only thirty two years old, but she was the kind of thirty two year old that seemed utterly unstoppable. If she was a video game character, she was maxed out. She broke the game because she had so many more skill points than average than the average person. Her wit, so sharp. She was an ultra-marathon runner. She would backcountry ski she just excelled in every facet of what she did and she did so many cool things she honestly was just such an amazing life force we were very lucky to have her as the MC at our wedd ing, and yeah, I mean she was just uh he was awesome, Alex. It seemed impossible that this awesome, amazing life force could so suddenly be snuffed out. And yet it was true. So when they got the call that their friend had died, the first thing Marcus and his wife wanted to know was, how in the world did this happen? The person who called them hadn't told them the details. And although they knew her family, they didn't want to burden them with questions at such a tragic time. So we ended up doing some Googling, almost, I wouldn't say hourly, about information on our friends passing, if there were news reports, if there was an obitu ary At first there was nothing. Just a total information vacuum. But within a day or two, notices about his friend's death did start popping up on the internet . At the top of Google search results, Marcus found links to these random small time news sites. Sites with names like Memoir news360 and nycbreaking.site and I mean already one of these seemed weird because why would a website called NYC Breaking, that's presumably about breaking news in New York City, be covering the death of a not famous woman in Canada. But when Marcus began to click through and read the obituaries that these small time news sites had written for his friend, the weirdness just got weirder . The names of her siblings and her parents were incorrect. Her age was reported off as high as fifteen years. And like how can you get someone's age wrong or the name of their parents in an obituary? That's like gotta be step one or two, like the basic facts of the person. Initially, it might have been easy to shrug this off as just sloppy reporting. But over the next few days, more of these weird obituaries began popping up on the internet . And while there was no doubt that the person they were referring to was indeed his friend, because they mentioned her name, and the city she lived in, and the company she worked for. Aside from some vague platitudes about how she, quote, believed that workplaces should be supportive environments and also embraced the thrill of winter sports, nearly every other detail in these obituaries was wrong. And it kind of felt like is this AI slop or what's going on? And I mean accessing on the mobile phone, it was like going to a website pre-ad blocker in the late 90s or early 2000s, where like every square inch is a pop-up ad and fake links, invisible links, trying to get you to click through all these things. And we ended up basically experiencing this daily for almost a Marcus made a list of all the web pages that ran erroneous obituaries for his friend. But at this point, nearly all of them have been taken down. Once the family published their official obituary, the random ones just sort of slipped back into the ether. But all these weeks later, he still has a lot of questions about what he experienced. When someone dies, there's always this feeling that they're slipping through your grasp, that their memory gets harder to hang on to as time goes on. And these obituaries, with banal platitudes, funhouse mirror distortions, and outright falsehoods, were already eroding the public memory of the person he loved. And it makes him angry . He feels convinced that this whole operation was designed to exploit his grief for online ad revenue. But he's curious about who's making that money and how exactly the operation works. Are these sites being run by lazy journalists using AI to write obituaries at scale? Are they bots without any human intervention? Are all of these sites connected through some online obituary syndicate? Or are they actually competitors, racing to scoop each other on the greatest human tragedy ? And there's one more thing. The thing that burns my brisket is that I can't figure out how they knew she passed away because the official announcement didn't happen for like nine days. And these things started popping up within a day or two . Oh . This one makes me angry. Like I'm mad for you. I'm mad on your behalf. And like I understand that we live in a cynical world of people who are all struggling to get by and are willing to screw each other over to do so. But around matters of death, it just feels really nasty to me, you know? Yeah. Can I ask you a question? If you don't feel comfortable answering this, uh feel free not to answer . How do you think that your friend would feel about all this ? Well, hmm . I think she would find it. Uh she would definitely find the humor in it instantly, and she would probably think of like an amazingly sharp, witty comment to like capture the whole situation sixty-five seconds before anyone else's brain could you compute that up. It was so sharp, Alex, and sh just like such a great wit. I'm sure she would have like a great slogan, a pun with the word obituary and definitely found the humor in it. Well, I guarantee you that someone out there knows what's going on. So give me a couple weeks and I'll get back to you on this. Okay, so in the past, I could figure out exactly who was behind these websites using a specialized search tool called a Whois lookup. All I have to do is go to a website called whois .sc and then enter the URL of one of these websites and the search tool would come back to me with the name and contact information for whoever it was that registered the domain. But as I mentioned in a previous episode, that tool is now largely ineffective for tasks like this. In 2018, sweeping policy changes were made to the internet, and as a result of those changes, all new website registrations are automatically set to private. So now when I do a Whois lookup on a site like Memoir News 360, it no longer shows me who registered that domain. It just tells me that the information is private. So unfortunately, I can't just call one of these guys and ask like, who are you and what is this operation you're running? Fortunately, I don't have to, because someone else already did that. How you doing, Joe? Thanks for doing this. Yeah, absolutely. Thanks for having me. This is Joe Supan. He's a senior reporter at CNET, and he usually writes about technology and broadband. But the reason he started looking into these AI obituaries is because back in January of 2024, his family found themselves facing this very same issue. And it started the morning after his sister died. The day after my sister died, I remember like this very clear moment where uh my mom and my dad and I were driving to her husband's house and my mom got a call from my aunt saying she had seen this obituary on Facebook and like did we write that or where was this coming from? Seemed a little fishy. Um, so she sent it to my mom, and my mom started reading it in the car and all these inaccuracies jumped out immediately. There were details in the obituary that would have flagged for anyone who knew Joe's sist er. But there were also details that should have flagged for anyone at all. Like her reported cause of death was aut ism. I was offended and I was uh repulsed by it. I also felt fascinated by it. I was like where where were these details coming from? Like who was writing these pages? Uh just how is this whole process working? So Joe began to investigate , and what he found was not some high-tech criminal syndicate, but a basic clickbait scheme powered by AI and human grief . According to Joe, it generally begins on Facebook with an open post from someone who loved someone sharing the news that that someone has died. And if the post contains certain phrases, think tragic loss or taken too soon, an alert will get triggered. This is someone to watch. From there, scammers will monitor Google search trends to see if people online are searching for information about this person that's died. And frequently, when people die young or unexpectedly . As was the case with Marcus's friend, there are a lot of people searching. People want information about what happened to this person, and that's where these AI obituary writers jump in. Suddenly, that first Facebook post, and any subsequent engagement from the comments, it all becomes grist for the mill. Scammers will scrape through social media for information about this person and their life, and then feed it to the AI, which quickly stitches together something resembling a formal obituary. It doesn't matter if there's barely any actual information, or if the information's wrong, or if the AI hallucinated nearly every detail of this person's life. Because ultimately it's just bait to lure confused, grieving people from Facebook or Google search results onto websites they would never otherwise visit, generating page views that translate into ad dollars for as long as people are searching for the information. Which often ends the moment the family's able to collect themselves enough to write their own official obituary . But who exactly is running these sites? Yeah, um that was a little harder to figure out, but uh I did end up getting to talk to one person who runs some of these Aaron Powell And like how did you even find that person? Because back in the day, I would have used the whois lookup, but now I don't know what I'd do. Yeah, I was just messaging a bunch of these obituary pages on Facebook and some of them would be like ostensibly news websites like they would cover any like crime obituaries anything like that. Um some of them were purporting to be reporters who were covering this news. Um I probably messaged like fifty of these types of accounts. Um and then I just got lucky. I just someone responded to me and uh he actually said like you've messaged me a bunch, like all of the this account, that account, those are all me. So uh he and he agreed to to talk to me. Um what did he tell you about the gig? Like how does he set this up and you know did he tell you what kind of money he's making? Like who even is he ? Uh he was a guy in Nigeria. Um he said he makes about a hundred dollars a week on it. I was kept asking him like are you worried that this information could be wrong or like that you might be hurting people who are grieving with this practice? And he was very insistent that like he fact checks all his information and it goes through this thorough process, like everything he posts is accurate. Um but when you would look at some of the obituaries, it was like there's no way that uh this is fact-checked in any like thorough way. So I guess my question is like the average person isn't going to get a ton of visits to their obituary. So how are the people making these sites making money? It's probably pennies per page view, less than that, even. Um, I think it's just they're casting such a wide net and so much of the work is automated. Like I even think this guy I talked to was more of a mom and pop operation than what is standard for these these websites. I think he was actually typing these things into chat GPT himself. I think the more common route is probably that there are just like alerts set up on Facebook for these certain terms and it's all automated. I don't think there's much of a human hand in any of it. But I just think because there's such a volume of engagement and interest in when people pass away and there's like it's such a low barrier for entry, even if you're only getting a penny per page view or something like that, it it can add up So initially when Marcus reached out to us with this problem, he presented it as one of two things. Either this was a lazy little nothing problem or a crazy bot farm syndicate. Now we knew it wasn't a crazy bot farm syndicate. But it wasn't a lazy little nothing problem either. Like so much of the other trash on the internet, we'd learned that this fake obituary scam is an AI powered volume play. The idea is to do as little work as possible, to get as much attention as possible, to earn as much money as possible from the online ad economy. And that's more or less the end of the story . Except, it didn't really feel like the end of the story. Because the longer I sat with this idea that these websites are bankrolled by ad dollars, the less it made sense to me. Like, just thinking about the way I felt when I visited some of these websites, it certainly didn't put me in a buying kind of mood . In fact, the experience of being there was actually, pretty repellent. Which led me to ask a question that in all my years of reporting on the internet, I never even thought to ask. Why would real companies spend real dollars to buy ads on fake web sites? And the answer, which completely shocked me, is that generally speaking, they don't know they're there . Now, I genuinely did not know any of this, but when it comes to online advertising, the way the system is set up actually makes it very difficult for advertisers to know where their ads are appearing. And this issue has been called the financial engine of not just this particular fake obituary scam, but of fake news, health hoaxes, and AI slop all across the internet. So we're gonna spend some time talking about this online ad system . We're gonna talk about how it works and how it came to be. And the person that's going to help us do that is professor of journalism at UMass Amherst Joshua Braun . It used to be that if you wanted to sell shoes, that you would place an ad in a running magazine, because that was a good proxy for that consumer. Or if you wanted to sell to people in in Philadelphia, you would put an ad in the Philly Inquirer, right? The publications became prox ies for different audiences. But there was a problem with this system. Advertisers never knew how many of their customers were actually seeing these ads. So there was always the sense that they were wasting some amount of money. And that's where the Internet stepped in, with a promise to solve the waste issue using personal data to drive targeted ads. So we all know that we're tracked like massively online and now location tracking on our phones and there's just an enormous sort of commercial surveillance industry around like sort of looking at all of our behavior and everything else. But now the promise of this is right that we can surveil people wherever they are and place an ad at the best moment, right, as opposed to in the best publication. So thanks to this new technology, advertisers could put their ads in front of their customers no matter where they are on the internet. And at the end of the month, Google or whoever they purchased their ads through would come back with a report showing exactly how many of their customers actually saw the ad. For advertisers, it seemed like a perfect system. A seller's utopia. And then the cracks started to show. The first major reckoning happened after the 2016 election when more than a hundred companies, including Kellogg's and Proctor and Gamble, discovered that their ads had been running on sites peddling political disinformation, radical extremism, and hate speech. Which again means they had been funding that stuff. And maybe you think they didn't actually just discover this? Like maybe you think that's just what they said to save face when their customers discovered it and got pissed off? And honestly, I probably would have thought that too. But then I learned that in 2021, both Pfizer and the CDC discovered they'd been running ads on COVID conspiracy sites. So, yeah, I believe. Anyway, in the wake of these discoveries, these big powerful companies started grabbing But when they asked, how in the world could this happen, the answer wasn't super clear . So the digital advertising system is built in a way that is pretty complex and pretty opaque. Essentially, the idea is that every time that you visit a web page, you know, assuming you don't have an ad blocker turned on or something like that, in the just milliseconds it takes the page to load, there's an auction going on for your attention. So the publisher, that's the web page, will put up space for sale in this auction and advertisers will bid for the privilege of putting their ad in front of your eyes when the page loads. And by the time the page is finished loading and the ad appears, the auction's already over. So because this whole thing happens so quickly, it has to be automated. And because this whole thing is automated, you need something like a digital auction block. And these are the the ad exchanges. Think of an ad exchange as like a digital auction block . If this were a real auction block, there'd be a buyer on one side and a seller on the other and there'd be a guy in the middle brokering that exchange. But when it comes to online ad exchanges, there can be anywhere from four to seven middlemen inserting themselves in this process. And this is where the trouble happens. Because generally speaking, in the digital space, the buyer and the seller never actually meet each other. In fact, they never even show up to the auction. Instead, the buyer side sends a representative with instructions for how to conduct their business, and the seller side sends a representative with instructions on how to conduct their business, and then that business gets brokered by an ad network, or sometimes even multiple ad networks, who coordinate with data management platforms to make sure the ad gets shown to the right customer. And it's okay if you didn't keep track of all of that, because the point of this is just that it is a very Byzantine, convoluted system that plays out in milliseconds with basically zero oversight, and everyone involved is taking a cut. And so what ends up happening is because there's so many different intermediaries there, and we haven't even talked about like ad agencies and other stuff like that. It's hard for one end to tell what's happening on the other end. And oftentimes like the kinds of reports that advertisers provided about where their ads are appearing are like kept at the very general level, either because the data is not available or because the people who are dealing with the advertisers would rather not share. So essentially like advertisers don't necessarily know where their ads are appearing. That opens up an opportunity for people to spin up really spammy sites and run ads on them. And that's how the dirty deed gets done. In the aftermath of these big public reckonings, there have been efforts to reform the system. Advertisers have demanded more vetting of the websites and the ad exchanges. They've demanded more transparency about where their ads end up, and more overall accountability from the online ad industry, which handles hundreds of billions of dollars in advertiser funds every year. But so far, the vast majority of reforms have either fallen short or failed completely. Websites containing disinformation, propaganda, medical hoaxes, and fake obituaries continue to find their way into the ad exchanges, and unsuspecting advertisers continue to pay for the privilege of running their ads there. And that's not even their biggest issue. It's estimated that more than $100 billion is being stolen through the online ad exchange every single year, through bot farm operations, through web spoofing, and sometimes through complex systems that make the ad exchange think an ad has been displayed on a website when in fact it hasn't been displayed anywhere at all . Ad fraud is currently the second largest criminal enterprise in the world. Just after drugs. Except that unlike drugs, nobody in the ad fraud world is getting prosecuted . So, aside from the advertisers, nobody involved in this thing seems particularly invested in trying to reform it. And that, my friends, is why the internet has become such a cesspool . In my conversation with Josh, he introduced me to a couple concepts that I thought were really instructive in understanding why this system is so backwards and so messed up. And he did so by way of historical analogy to the meltdown of a nuclear power plant. So you've heard of Three Mile Island, the nuclear plant? So they had like a partial meltdown, and I think it was 1979, and they had a couple of like big blue-ribbon panels that looked at it and what were the causes and all this type of thing, and trying to retroactively assign blame. But there was a professor, a sociologist, Charles Perrault, and he did his own investigation into it. And he came to a conclusion that a lot of people really struggled with and have struggled with for many years, which is that there's certain ways in which you can design a system where essentially the problems are inevitable and really difficult to reform in any meaningful way. And he landed on two types of issues that when they are combined, create one of these systems . And that's where all of the different moving pieces interact in ways that you can't really predict. So unlike a linear system where one domino falls into the next domino and it's really easy to see when and where the system went wrong, when you're dealing with an interactively complex system, problems are both hard to predict and also hard to identify. The other thing that he was zeroing in on was what he called tight coupling. And we can think about tight coupling as like high-level s of automation, right? Systems that are working so quickly that when problems arise, it is very difficult to step in and fix things before the process keeps going. And what he said is you can have an organization that deals in technology and and they can have either one of those problems and they're manageable. But if you have both of them together, it's really difficult to deal with this. And the reason is because the the sort of solutions that you might impose pull in opposite directions. So if you've got the system where the problems have to do with really high levels of automation, great. You create a checklist of what to do in situations A, B, and C, and then when something goes wrong, the employee in charge just has to pull the lever, right? Or if you've got the system that's very interactively complex, you know that you need people to like be able to kind of stop and troubleshoot on the ground and so on. But if you have both of those things together, they're different management strategies. One is a very top-down thing, the other is very bottom-up. And so it's really hard to manage for both at the same time. And so what he said basically is if you have a system that's like that, that at some point it is definitely going to fail. And the reason this was all controversial is because a lot of the systems that he identified as being like this are ones that people would like to believe are gonna work, right? Nuclear power and things of that nature, right? And so you're saying that these accidents don't necessarily happen frequently, but they are gonna happen. And so my thought about uh how this all relates to the digital advertising space is that it has all of the features that he was talking about , right? There is it's hard to imagine a system that is more tightly coupled. It is extremely automated, it is extremely fast. There are billions of these transactions going on every day, probably every hour. It is also incredibly interactively complex with all these different vendors and advertisers and publishers it like connecting to the same system. It means that by default it's going to be really difficult to manage . And so the failures are going to be inevitable. The big difference though, and I think the reason that people don't capture or appreciate this is that when it comes to the nuclear plant, it's a big mushroom cloud. It is highly noticeable if something goes wrong, or it's you know, an entire city being evacuated. But when it comes to digital advertising, it's a Pepsi ad showing up on a porn site, or it's a Volvo commercial that gets viewed by a bot and all of it is easy to laugh off but when it scales at the scale we're talking about all those things create a huge amount of like sort of negative consequence. You know, you've got tens of millions of dollars in advertising that monetize COVID disinformation. You've got health scams, you've got the obituary stuff, right? And so it's a system that is both really difficult, maybe impossible to reform in the way that it's running now, and it has really bad negative consequences for everybody. And I don't know that you can fix it without scrapping it essentially. After the break, can the internet be fixed ? Are you feeling a crisis of an existential and ethical nature? So is fellow radiotopian Caitlin Prest. Caitlin is known for her artistic approach to audio, creating cinematic and lushly sound design stories. Her favorite topic is love, big and small, all that is magic, painful, and beautiful about being alive. On her podcast The Heart, she has a new series called Suburban Paradise. Caitlin says it's an oxymoronic title for charming and inconsequential creative work made during an era of global ethical crisis. You'll find short, qu iet, and reflective episodes written in a strip mall breakfast joint or the cafe inside the furniture store and produced in her dad's garage. A callback to works made for real radio, these episodes feature mini segments of writing, soundplay, and recordings of daily life, all meant to be as ephemeral as an old school radio program or a Sunday night dinner party. Check out Suburban Paradise, 15 minute episodes dropped once a month on The Heart, everywhere you get your podcasts . Welcome back to the show. So before the break, we met a normal guy named Marcus, whose encounter with AI obitu aries had him talking about rabbit holes and syndicates. Marcus had a bunch of questions about why these things exist, who's behind them, how they operate, and we answered all of those questions, but it left us with some of our own. Specifically, we wanted to know why there was a market for these at all. Why would anyone pay to place their ads on these sites? And what we learned is they don't. The way the digital advertising system is set up makes it very difficult for advertisers to know where their ads are ending up. And this AI obituary scam and so much of the fake news and health hoaxes and extremism that we see online are all down stream effects of this reality. So before reporting back to Marcus, we wanted to find out what can be done to change the system. And look , I'm not gonna lie to you, there are a lot of people who say that there's actually nothing we can do. And the people saying this aren't just podcasters and doomsayers. These are people who actually study this stuff. They say that the issues we see in the ad tech space are built into the internet its elf, and if we wanted to fix them, we'd have to tear the whole thing down and rebuild it from scratch. But thankfully, we spoke to one person who does not agree with that sentiment. At the highest level, we keep you safe from lies, scams, and manipulation on the internet. We work on behalf of regular citizens And advertisers who often don't know where their ads are going. Look, I know it may seem like we just chose to end the story with the one optimist in the digital advertising space. But honestly, everyone we spoke to told us that we had to talk to Claire. They told us Claire and her colleagues know more about this issue and this ecosystem than anyone else out there. And that's partially because they used to be a part of it. Yeah, we were in the ecosystem. We were building marketing funnels on behalf of software companies and we started asking questions like, you know, why are all the tools that I'm using to sell software being used to radicalize people or spread lies? And was there like a catalyzing moment or an event that made you go, you know what, the world needs an organization that's policing this and giving consumers information about what's happening online . I met my business partner in twenty nineteen after she had run a very public social media campaign called Sleeping Giants, which had taken 90% of Breitbart's ad revenue away because advertisers hadn't known that they were funding Breitbart.com. When they found out, they left. Breitbart lost 90% of the $8 million that they were And then three years later when I met her, we were asking each other, why isn't this problem solved? And since then it's just been open door after open door. We've just figured out more and more issues inside the internet. And we've also figured out a lot of ways of trying to solve them. Since the founding of Check My Ads in 2021, they've been running investigations on the digital ad space, pressuring the industry to set standards and enforce them, and working with lawmakers to shape legislation aimed at keeping your data out of the hands of advertisers and making sites that profit from fake obits and fake news just a And one of the things that they've learned is that we already have the technology to fix the digital ad exchange. We created that technology to regulate another famously complicated system . The stock market. This industry, the ad system, even though it's trafficking and I don't know nearly a trillion dollars in USD every year, it is not regulated like a stock market. And we think it could be. It could have, for instance, know your customer laws where the advertisers know who they're working with along the way for the ad to get to the website. It could also have transparency laws where the advertisers know exactly where their ads have gone and get a report hourly or daily at the very least. We also think there should be a regulatory environment where someone is keeping track of this kind of an SEC for digital advertising. The SEC could create a division they have for crypto, for example, but someone needs to be keeping track and keeping track of ad tech companies that are scamming, keeping track of international ad tech companies that are collecting our data. There's just an incredible risk when you look at this system. So what it is capable of. And there is a lot of blue sky that we could fill with really smart regulation that we actually don't even have to invent. So it sounds like the technology is already there. And it seems like it would be not too difficult to apply. What is standing in the way of applying this technology? It just takes time. This isn't even applying technology, you know, this is applying the will to regulate. We need people who understand the technology to be in a place to set standards and enforce them on behalf of the public and on behalf of business, just like we do every other supply chain, just like we do every other economy In the meantime, Claire says there's already been major progress in this fight to clean up the digital ad space. More than 20 states have enacted data protection laws, some of which allow their citizens to opt out of consumer surveillance programs entirely. And then last year, a judge for the U.S. District Court of Virginia ruled that Google held an illegal monopoly over the ad tech space. And while it's still unclear what, if any, impact that ruling will have over the ad tech space. Even the fact that the courts are paying attention to this issue feels like progress . Before we said goodbye to Claire, I asked her if there was anything that our listeners might be able to do to improve the digital advertising landscape now. And she said, yes, definitely. On the advertiser side, Claire recommends that companies seriously audit their ad campaigns. Forget high-level performance reports from ad tech companies. These are only going to show you the surface level stuff that they want you to see. Instead, ask for log level data. This will give you the most comprehensive view of where your ads appeared. And then audit the shit out of that list. If you find discrepancies between the log level data and the campaign standards that you were promised, demand cash refunds. You are entitled to them. And the more that these companies are forced to bear the financial burden of their shady practices, the more likely they are to change. But also, if they can, companies should try to cut out the middlemen, bring more of their marketing people in-house, and use private marketplaces wherever possible. There's so much money in this ecosystem that's getting wasted on middlemen, and they have very little incentive to ethically manage your money or accurately audit their own work. So fuck them . As for the consumer side, that is the side where someone like Marcus might encounter an AI obituary for someone he cares about, Claire had this to say. If you are a person who has been affected by this problem? First of all, I'm sorry it's happening. It's awful. There are two people you can contact that would mess up the website's business model. The first is any advertiser that you see on that website. They might not be big brand advertisers, but if they have a website, they will have a contact page and you can contact them. And you can say, hey, do you know that you're monetizing this website that is incredibly harmful. Please check your ads . The second group of people that you could contact is anyone who is a middleman who is monetizing this website. Literally, when you see the UR L, go to the top domain, type in ads.txt , and if they are monetizing with ads, you'll see a list of all of the ad tech companies that are monetizing. And these ad tech company names, they're bizarre. Okay, you're not going to be familiar with them. But if you Google them, they also have contact pages and you can say, hey, you're monetizing this website that is deeply harmful to our community, you need to check your inventory. Usually they don't like getting those emails and if they think the public is watching them, then they invest a lot more in that kind of inventory moderation . Oh my god, this is a syndicate of of sinister rabbit hole madness. When we followed up with Marcus, we were initially a little worried that he'd be disappointed that the AI obituary scam turned out to be a pretty run-of-the-mill clickbait operation. But when we started to explain the digital advertising ecosystem that gave birth to this run-of-the-ill clickbait operation, he enthusiastically, and correctly, pointed out that , in fact, there was a syndicate after all. And the truth is, we really only scratched the surface of this particular rabbit hole. But now that it's on our radar, I suspect we're gonna be spending a lot more time digging into this particular patch of the internet. Thank you so much. Oh my God. This is this is exactly what our favorite types of investigations are. They start as one thing. Well Marcus thank you so much for coming to us with a question. And oh wait, there is one more thing. Where do you get my numbers? So you know how at the beginning of the episode I said that I'd essentially lost the tools I needed to track down website scammers? Well, in the course of investigating the story, we connected with a journalist named Craig Silverman, who is an expert on digital deception. And initially , the plan was that we were going to talk about the world of scam sites and ad fraud, and we definitely did that. But also , I sent him a list of the websites that ran AI obituaries for Marcus's friend. And Craig took it upon himself to track down one of the scammers behind these sites. This scammer, who you just heard on the phone a moment ago, initially agreed to an interview with us, but unfortunately, at the last minute, he ghosted us and he blocked our number. But next week on the premium feed, Craig Silverman is going to give us step-by-step instructions explaining the tools he used and how he used them to find this guy. So yeah, hope to see you then .