The history of baseball uniform colors

We gather here tonight to bring women back to their rightful place. The Testaments, a new Hulu original series from the executive producers of the Handmaid's Tale. It's easier to accept a story than believe that the people around you are monsters. The battle is n't over. There comes a time when you have to take action, when you have to choose your own destiny. Watch the new Hulu original series, The Testaments. Streaming on Hulu and Hulu on Disney Plus for bundle subscribers. Terms apply. Whenever Yogi was at home, he wore white. When he travelled, he wore grey. Why? The answer to that at the end of the show. My name's Tom Scott, and this is Lateral . This is a studio. On most days it contains one host, a micro But today is different. That's because the hosts of Let's Learn Everything have entered the building. At first, the signs may be subtle, a casual mention of chemistry. Someone being reminded of a fact and going off on a long tangent. But exposure can escalate quickly. Experts warn that prolonged proximity to professional curiosity may result in spontaneous learning, unexpected tangents, and the uncontrollable urge to mention fruit flies. If you encounter members of Let's Learn Everything, don't panic. Remain calm. Avoid eye contact. Don't ask follow up questions unless you've cleared your afternoon. Nevertheless, containment has failed, and here they are now in the studio. Please welcome the members of Let's Learn Everyt hing! We will start with Caroline Roper. How are you doing? You know, I've got to be honest, like, you've come crawling back to us finally. Uh I'm really surprised that you remember our name to be honest with you. It has been a while. Yeah. It's been too long. After all those episodes we've missed. And don't think we didn't know this, Tom Scott. He didn't include us on some episodes. Tom Lum, who absolutely did not cancel at the last minute because uh he was ill a while back. Uh, how are you doing? Tom, that's not how I remember it. I remember it clear as day. I went to sleep with an 104-degree fever, and then you told me I could never be on the show again. You turned into my dad, flew away, and all my teeth fell out. I remember it pretty clearly. It is a joy to have you back as ever. Also, you should plug the live show. Yes. Well, all of us. Good. Well done. Do it. From Let's Learn Everything. How are you doing? I'm so good. We are Let's Learn Everything and we're doing a live show. Woo! Our first one! As you can tell by our confusion. It's gonna be part of the cheerful earful, which is uh how how y'all do it. Uh it's gonna be in London uh around Octoberish, you can go to let's learn everything.com slash live to see all the details. There's the pl right professionally done. Excellently done. Um Ella, I have to ask how you're doing after a long while away. Yeah, I'm alright.. Cool Good luck today, everybody. Let's broadcast some more public information starting with question one. Thank you to Jim Fishwick for this question. Why are children in Sydney, Australia Sheep toilet cow toilet. I'll say that again. Why are children in Sydney, Australia taught the sequence? Sheep toilet cow toilet. Sheep toilet. Cow toilet. Maybe if I say in an Australian accent, that was a little bit , not sheep toilet care toilet. That I mean that didn't sound bad to me. What was your key phrase there for clueing in on an Australian accent? No, just the word no. Nah. Yeah. Yeah. Mine is mine is is razor blades. Have you heard is rhizoblides. Rise of Rise . Nice. Sheep. Sheep toilet care toilet. Sheep toilet care toilet. Sheep toilet care toilet. I think if we say it probably a hundred times, I think we'll get it . So let's get this in the reps. That's how lateral thinking works. Toilet cow toilet. Okay, so obviously my first thought was I'm surprised it's not uh a a venomous animal. Uh although that would be my first thought for like a mnemonic for children in Australia was like I went another way. I went I'm surprised it doesn't spell out a swear word. We're running through the Australian stereotypes here. Yeah for children. Okay. Sheep before toilets. You're doing soy the kids . Let's go cheap. On and con nect Okay, is it is it some it's a mnemonic? Is it a mnemonic? It is a mnemonic, yeah. So like Roy Ghabiv, Roy what's Richard of York gave battle in vain. S O S T C T . Ooh . Like sunscreen. You know, that's a big one there. Like they do like slip slap slop. Mm-hmm. Sunscreen tan ? Cannot tan . I wouldn't go for the first letters there. It's not that sort of mnemonic. It's mnemonic in the form of memory aid. Ooh It has it twice. Sheep sheep has sheep have wool, cow have milk. They're both mammals. They are wow, really just just just having nothing for this is really You don't have nothing there. You don't have nothing. What does he have? Wool. Would this work in the US, for example? Wool. It wouldn't work in the US. This is Sydney specific. And Tom, you said wool. I sure did. Is it some way of reminding you to check these places for spiders or insects or something like that. I'm thinking like bedding um and then the toilet and then you toilet twice because you really don't want it to be toilet. Again, we're going through the stereotypes, but you do have to check for black widow spiders and toilets sometimes, I believe, in Australia. Yeah. Not a daft suggestion, just not the right suggestion. Sheep does turn into wool in this mnemonic. That is correct. Okay. Uh Tom, how how um useful is this actually or how silly is this, can I ask? Uh to people in Sydney, very useful. Uh so okay, what could the other things be, guys? Maybe like yeah water or flush leather. Bowl or wool bowl leather bowl. Nailed it. It's like a tongue twister. Wool bowl level bowl. Well bowl level bowl. Is it bad? Uh my thought is like, is it could this something to remember maybe like uh a transit line or something like that? Uh or getting closer, Tom. Yep. Okay . Um like the locations of cities. It's definitely geography. You're getting closer and closer with that. So geography within Sydney, like suburbs. Or Sydney and neighboring uh uh areas. A suburb, actually, yes. Oh . Like is it like one like Woolwich or something? Now we're getting close Ella, yes. Or what'd you say Ella? Woollich. Why would you need a mnemonic for something like that? And also that means there's two suburbs in there that are the state or they was one that's in there twice for some reason. Or is it they that supposed to represent different ones? Have a think what other words might work for toilet. Lou. Lou. Bog. Oh, Lou. Yep. Lewish am. I'm just gonna I'm saying places in London, hoping that that's a suburb in Sydney. Honestly, you're pretty close here already. I'm tempted to give it to you. You haven't said these out loud yet. Wool Moulu. What was that, Caroline? Woolamaloo. Has anyone heard of the Sydney suburb of Woolamalo o. No ! And yet, Caroline, you said it anyway. This is how you spell and say Woolamaloo, which is a suburb of Sydney. It may come from the Aboriginal place name for a place of plenty, possibly young black kangaroo. No one's sure. This is from question writer Jim who says that he can attest to this as someone who grew up in Sydney. The place is called Woolamaloo. Two L's in the first bit, one L in the last bit. So it is actually the words wool loo moo loo . And the mnemonic for that is sheep toilet cow toilet. Right. I see why that's so helpful for kids who are learning to spell and stuff like that. For spelling, spelling makes perfect. Yeah. What's it in the US we have Connect I Cut for Connecticut. Nice. And I love also for for Mississippi, all we learned is that you how to spell is M-I-S-I-S-S I P P-I. And it's like that's not a mnemonic. That's just you had fun how difficult it was. Oh, I heard M-I-S-S-I-S-I-S-P-I. Which has more of a a cadence to it. Oh, that's lovely. And in and in the UK they're just like, it's Worcestershire. Good luck. Yeah. Good luck. Caroline, we'll have your question, please. This question has been sent in by Madeline. In 2002, over a period of a month, Chris spent hours listening to the same song played backwards. Why? One more time. In 2002, over a period of a month, Chris spent hours listening to the same song played backwards. Why? Sorry, folks, I've worked this one out, possibly because I'm old enough to remember some specific things from 2002. Good luck to the Gen Z . I believe that you probably do know it as well. Well, Caroline as I've said multiple times, Caroline is the only Gen Z are here. Oh, apologies. Hi! Apologies to the younger millennials. Thank you. Not that I want to be labelled thusly, but there you go. Um 2002. I don't have many memories from 2002. I was seven . But congrats. Thank you. Music 2002. I was just sort of like, they could have just just just had nothing else to do in 2002. I remember watching episodes of SpongeBob backwards just because I thought it was fun. I mean the internet existed. Yeah yeah but it existed to upload episodes of SpongeBob backwards for me to watch. I assume the song is important, Caroline. Yeah. Okay, I'm just gonna list every song I know from 2002. Let's do it. Perfect. Do we think there's a a m I assume there's some kind of message and we talk we've we talked about back masking on on an episode of the show. I'm surprised I don't know it then actually. Huh. I didn't come across it in my research. Um there's a reason why it didn't come up in your research. Okay. Because it doesn't actually say anything. Was it like, you know, there was a rumor going around that, you know, if you play this song backwards, it heals you or something. Is it part of me wonders if it because I feel like this is also the era of like weird contests. And so part of me is wondering like, is there a um oh hold on, never mind. I found it out. I know it. Also. Oh, I'm sorry. Oh , the penny drops, didn't it? Just guessing at numbers and figures, and then all of a sudden. All of a sudden the penny drops. I feel like Ella could. I feel like Ella could and I need somebody else doing these alone. Nobody said it was easy, but we're okay. We're okay. You can do this. Questions of science, science and progress, like really, I was just like, oh yeah. Okay, Tom, I was trying to be subtle by dropping the lyrics in. Yours was less subtle than mine. Really? You think so? Quit. Um that's a Coldplay song? It is, yes. I guess it is. Science and program . Mm-hmm. The scientists. Is it called the scientists? It's called the scientists. Yeah. So why might somebody be why might somebody named Chris be listening to this song backwards. I didn't with the Chris also . Um why would he be listening to it backwards? I don't know. Is what do you think? Oh I have no idea. What would he be doing? I'm not gonna drop more lyrics in. I was really tempted to. I'm going to actually there is a lyric that would be helpful here. No, but I'm gonna have to sing and sit the whole I'm gonna have to sit here and sing the whole song. Let's go back to the start. Oh cool. Wait, I don't it it's not like you have to manually rewind it on a tech He I I believe he did have to learn it backwards. Mm-hmm. He did he did have to learn it. Oh the video is recorded in backwards. Yeah. Oh , well done. I don't I think I've seen the video once. Uh yeah, I had never seen the video before answering this question. Neither song, of course. Um but yeah, so no, as we've all said, Chris Martin, lead singer of Coldplay, had to memorize the song in 2002 so that he could perform it backwards for the music video. It was also, he had to do it backwards and in double speed, um, so that the video could be slowed down as well. So I do not envy Chris Martin for having to do that one. Does it look good, the video? Is it convincing Yeah, it's pretty good actually. I hope there's a tape out there of somewhere of the original cut forward motion was like Nia Snia . Ready to soundtrack your summer? With Red Bull Summer All Day Play, you choose a playlist that fits your summer vibe the best. Are you a festival fanatic? A deep end DJ, a road dog, or a trail mixer. Just add a song to your chosen playlist and put your summer on track . Red Bull Summer All Day Play. Red Bull gives you wings. Visit Red Bull.com slash Bright SummerAhead So good, so good, so good. Everything you want for summer is at Nordstrom Rack Stores now. And up to 60% off. Stock up and save on the brands you love like Vince, Sam Edelman, Frame, and Free People. Join the Nordi Club to unlock exclusive discounts, shop new arrivals first, and more. Plus, buy online and pick up at your favorite rack store for free. Great brand s, great prices. That's why you rack . Bonjour compadre. It's the Priceline Negotiator. How do I negotiate so many great travel deals? My greatest gadget. The Priceline app. It's got hotel deals, flight deals, rental car deals, all of those deals in a bundle, deals, game day deals, concert trip deals. No one deals more deals than Pricel ine. Hold your horses. Th'eres more. The app lets you filter hotels by neighborhood, vibe, star level, and amenities like pools and spas and beachfronts and wait, I'm not done. Stop cutting me off. Nice line! Kai Shepard. Signed in this next question. Thank you very much, Kai . In 2011, Japan's Mount Hiyori lost more than half its height. When it was remeasured, locals were delighted. Why? I'll say that again. In 2011, Japan's Mount Hi ori lost more than half its height. When it was remeasured, locals were delighted. Why? It lost half its height and then was remeasured and gained more height, or was just lost half its height upon remeasuring. The sequence of events is is as in the question. Okay, so it gained its height back, perhaps? Quite that. Well, we don't know that. May uh yeah, my thought was that when it lost half its height, that's because it was measured properly for the first time maybe and they realized, oh, this isn't as t asall we actually thought it was. Um somebody's been exaggerating about this the whole time. There's like a record that they were holding that they lost when it lost half of its height. Record correct. Rest of it not so much. A record that they gained when they lost half of its height? Yeah. Which is why people were celebrating. Yes. Go from like the the tallest hill to the smallest mountain. Oh Yeah, kind of. You've you've got the second half of it. Oh Yep. It's the smallest mountain. It is the smallest mountain in Japan. It is officially now Oh There's still a few elements of this you haven't quite got. Okay. How did it lose half of its height? If you have a mountain in a si like in within city borders you get special privileges as a city in Japan. Was Was was the other mountain that was in contention deemed no longer a mountain or something like that? Nothing changed with the other mountain. Ooh, did something happen to the mountain in in 2011-ish or any volcanic activity or Yeah, it erupted Along those lines. An earthquake? An earthquake, Tom. Yes. In twenty eleven there was an earthquake and Japan's Mount Hiori lost more than half its height. So when it was remeasured, why were the locals delighted? Because now it broke the record for the short est mountain in Japan. It was once again Japan's lowest mountain. Once again, no way already so good. Mount Hiori is a tiny hill in Sendai that is officially recognized as a mountain by Japan's mapping authority. How tall do you think we ha we're thinking here? If it lost half, it can't be too much. I don't have a good sense of scale for mountains . Ten meters, a hundred meters. Originally six meters, about twenty feet. No, okay. It lost that status in nineteen ninety-six to a slightly lower mountain, and then the twenty eleven Tohoku earthquake caused subsidence in the area. It reduced the height to three meters and it was once again Japan's smallest mountain. Th okay, well what ca what classifies it as a mountain to make it f The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. Oh fine. Wasn't it originally most known for being a molehill at first and then they turned it into this? Oh hey . This is the only mountain that I'm willing to go climbing. Yes. Tom, over to you, please. This question has been sent in by Jose Susa. The sci-fi anime, The Melancholy of Horuhi Suzumiya, did something unexpected with the narrative of their first 14-episode series. How did this lead to an anonymous poster on 4chan being credited in a scientific journal. I'll read that again. The sci-fi anime, the melancholy of Hiruhi Suzumiya, did something unexpected with the narrative of their first 14-episode series. How did this lead to an anonymous poster I've gotta sit out this one as well. Sorry folks. These are stories I know, I'm sorry. It's a good one. I really like this I'll say I'm gonna uh uh assuage everyone's fears that that this has nothing to do with any of the the bad parts of 4chan. It could have been any message board. I'll say right off the bat. Okay. Okay. That that is helpful. Um I I guess my first thought goes to like the first fourteen episodes did some kind of code and then someone on Fortran broke that code. That's not exactly right, but you're thinking definitely in the he right headspace. Yeah. Wha what what could that have been if not if not a code? What what what could have happened in those episodes? Something that was like good enough to so someone solved something or or t it solved the right the right route here. They solved something that the that the those episodes did and then that was credited in a scientific paper. But the whatever whatever that is, it has to be significant enough to be in a pap Yeah. Yeah. It it it it involves a little bit more of uh uh uh uh uh the creativity of the people watching it has sort of like a what if that was inspired by the show, I would say. But you're on the right track of like thinking like how how what could a series do that would be weird? Because it's not, it's not a it's to do with the show, um, how a show can be. I'm so excited with this. I just want to tell you guys, but like yeah, you guys will got this. It feels like because there feels like several stages that we have to go through here. I literally had to write down the or like the the chain of things that happened. So there's an anime which has 14 episodes and then they do something weird with those 14 episodes. Yeah. And then 4chan message board people figure something out about it and then that leads to a scientific journal. So what about the fourteen episodes? So is it is it like it appears normal for like the first ten episodes and then all of a sudden something changes in it, or is it weird all the way through is my first question. That's a gr you're you're on the right track. I'll say it's I and I know because I in researching this question I had uh one of my uh good anime friends uh info dump about the show for 40 minutes so I could be probably characters question and not lose cred. So I will say it's weird from the get go. It's weird immediately from episode one. Famously. Yeah that's important actually isn't it? That is important. Yeah. Is it the colours? Is there something to do with like it's a some kind of colour theory thing going on? No, that's a good guess though. Um is it anything to do with maths? Yes. Oh, I was gonna guess psychology. Math sucks. But no, no, we like we like maths now, Caroline. We've done math topics on the show. I think, I think um the thing that the phenomena that happens, I think doesn't require math to understand. Um it just can can lead to mathematics as you think about it. Is it like that Simpsons um thing where people think that the Simpsons predicted a certain mathematical equation? There was like an act there were actual like unsolved math s problems in the show that was that were like spread out throughout the narrative and then people figured them out somehow. Like you're just like, and this is it's just something I've been thinking about, the Riemann hypothesis. I don't just know. No, I think Caroline Caroline's more on the money with the sort of like the episodes are weird and uh um how the show progresses, I think, is is a good thing. Um a way to think about like like what what would be a weird way to air a TV show, I suppose. Um something something something strange. That's a good guess, Caroline. You're you're warmer with that. You're really Oh, it's out of uh it's out of order. So it's uh it's like in different sequences and they've figured out the sequence of the show on four chan . Is that right? Or they're trying to. Like s like maybe I don't know if it's like maybe scenes, individual scenes are out of order. I can't unless it's like second. No, can't Ella, you are exactly right. The full episodes are out of order. And then does it tell a different story if you put it together in a different sequence? Or is it is it trying to tell one story and the writers are trying to tell one story and you have to figure out the right order. That doesn't seem like 14 episodes doesn't seem that hard to you know mathematically shouldn't figure out. So I feel like that's well I mean sorry, let me confirm what is correct. Because you guys are getting you might even get the math part right so yes the episodes are aired purposefully out of order this is divisive some people are like wow it's so cool because it unlock it makes you like rethink and you have to figure out the puzzle. All the people are like, just watch it in chronological order. Like, like that must there. There's a main consistency. People that are like, why? Because the the source material that it's based on is not out of order. They just decided to do this. Some people think they did it because they were like, oh, we'll spice it up , just scramble the order. Anyway, but uh there are debates about what were you saying, Ella? About sort of like the uh uh um the order that the is there a debate about the order it's supposed to go in? Yes. I'll say there's there's there's the math Is the maths part like um they've calculated the number of how many possible ways the show could be in order? The episodes could be in order. You are exactly right. Uh this is no how does that then lead to a scientific journal? Like Well, if you turn this from a nerd anime discussion to instead a discussion on super permutations, uh, that it suddenly is. So basically, what had started to happen is people were like, you should just watch it in chronological order. Some people were like, no, you should watch it in the airing order. Some people said start with this one and then w watch in chronological order, which led to the the sort of what if question, how many different ways are there to watch it? And specifically, how many what how long would it take to watch every permutation, which is what a super permutation is? Is a list of all the permutations. And more than that, I'm I'm gonna chime in here. It's yeah it's the shortest possible way to watch all possible orders. So that doesn't mean like you watch one, two, three, then one, three, two. It is the shortest possible string that contains all the orders, even if those orders overlap. So if for example, if you want to watch it fourth and back, you go one, two, three, five, six, seven, nine, thirteen, fourteen, thirteen, twelve, eleven, twelve, because it it it overlaps and so you can have a technically shorter runtime. The shortest current lower bound is ninety three billion eight hundred eighty four million three hundred thirteen thousand six hundred eleven episodes or roughly four point three million years to watch. And that's just the lower bound. They they don't know what it could actually be. They just know it's somewhere around there. And but and if there's anyone who can do it, it's the good people on I remember the story as someone just posting that as a question and some discussion happening and then some mathematician coming along going, Hold on, as someone I'm I'm pretty sure that someone discovered some new maths in this thread and hasn't realized it. Yeah, they basically in in classic uh honestly this happens all the time in math history. Someone basically was like, here's the answer, and they posted a formula, and then years later, they looked back, like mathematicians look back and they're like, wait, they're right. Wait. But again, it's like an anonymous post with no work show. They're like, wait, what? What how did you? And then turned it into a paper and credited this anonymous person. Thank you to an anonymous listener for this next question. Fighter jets such as the Lockheed Martin F-22 and F-3 5 are sometimes fitted with a Lundberg lens, a device that objectively makes the jet's performance worse. Why is it used? I'll say that again. Fighter jets such as the Lockheed Martin F22 and F-35 are sometimes fitted with a Lunberg l ens, device that objectively makes the jet's performance worse. Why is it used? I gonna have to set this one back. I've seen Naruto. Oh wow. Okay. And so I know this the famous fight with Rockley and Gara, he takes the weights off and he's suddenly very fast. And that's obviously sorry, I mean we th we can trash this question. I don't have to. They put the weights on to make to to s to slow down the planes and then and then it makes them fast Are you doing a bit, Tom? I feel like this is a bit. This is a bit. It's a bit. And I've always said that. I've always said that. how good the plane is, is really important from like a safety perspective of like the pilot or something like that. So it's a it's an essential tool, even if it is making the plane worse. Yeah, i in a way, it does help safety. Ah, okay. I suppose we need to understand what the the lens the purpose. Well, yeah, that's the whole point of the question. What am I saying? That's the point . Yeah. I suppose we have to answer the question. Right, but I guess to answer it, we'd have to think like sideways in a way. Um a lens suggests to me that it's focusing something. Yeah. Light. Is it actually a lens or has it just been called a lens for funsies? Is it for f photographing or like viewing? Is it a lensing effect? It is a lens. It is an actual lens. And I think you're right to think about light and things like that. Okay. My first thought was uh the bad Naruto bit I had to explain. My second thought was uh Loon maybe think like a bird and so this is to avoid bird s in the sky. And that is worth uh uh slowing down because it reflects light and so so the birds are uh informed of the planes from Wow That was so many facial expressions Tom. I know, I know, because uh you got some key words there. Reflect Ultraviolet and inform . And bird ? Not bird. Wow, okay, so it has to do with birds. Alright. It reflects a type of light from the plane. Like you put it on and it reflects light from the plane. Oh, what if it reflects like radar and stuff so it can't be detected? Tom, you're right. This is designed to reflect rad ar. But that's not the reason. Have a think about how radar works and what a plane might want to do or be designed to do. You don't well, you don't want to be reflecting radar because then the rad the signal is going back. You wouldn't it wouldn't reflect radar wouldn't make it invisible, it would make it more visible. Oh my god, you're so right. Yes. Yeah. So this is when they need to use the plane, but they want it to be seen. Yes. Like a decoy plane? Or a decoy? That's a good question. Like this is the Lockheed Martin F -22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning 2. They are designed to have an extremely small radar cross section. Why might you attach a Lundberg lens to reflect radar better. So you can tell people you're flying above, like, hey, I know we're called the like lightning bolt killer plane, but we're just passing by. Like, please don't. Basically, it's so air traffic control can track them. It's so friendly for ces can monitor them, and it prevents other countries from measuring the jet's true stealth capability. Spot on. Much like Rock Lee in the Tuning exams in Naruto . Gre at . This episode is brought to you by State Farm. You know those friends who support your preference for podcasts over music on road trips? That's the energy State Farm brings to insurance. over With 19,000 local agents, they help you find the coverage that fits your needs. So you can spend less time worrying about insurance and more time enjoying the ride. Download the State Farm app or go online at StateFarm.com. L aike good neighbor, State Farm is there . Do you hear that? Sounds like breakfast is ready. Because Quaker's coming in hot with morning nutrition. 100% whole grain oats and a good source of fiber to fuel the rhythm of your morning and kickstart your day. And that sounds absol utely delicious. Fuel to start whatever's next. Quaker, official sponsor of FIFA World Cup 26. Hi, oh , let's go . Ella, your question, please. This question has been sent in by Joel. Why are the UK's Royal Navy submariners more likely to get head injuries when sailing away from home than on the way back? I'll say that again. Why are the UK's Royal Navy submariners more likely to get head injuries when sailing away from home than on the way back . Good news, I don't know this one. Yay! Yay ! Eventually you're gonna run out of questions that you don't know I wouldn't be surprised if you were on a uh like you're like, well, I've been on a submarine leaving, but I haven't been on a submarine returning, so I don't know the answer . I've never been on a submarine. Uh not a not like actual working one other than you know the museum one in Drydock maybe, but uh no. And the the ride at Disneyland that isn't technically a submarine. Um would you like to go on a submarine, Tom? Depends on the sub marine. If it's Ocean Gate, no. I didn't think about that. Like, I I was never offered uh to go on a video ocean gate or anything like that. But like, if I'd have been offered that , would I have taken it? You didn't. Yeah, you wouldn't not not be offered that. Right, and like and like if I'd have been offered that and gone out there and gone, yeah, we're gonna go down, like, would I have been not brave enough to do it, but brave enough to look at what was going on there and smart enough to look at what was going on there and say no at the point when I'm already there. When you saw the vi if you saw the video controller, I would you have been like, I'm not doing that. I feel like I've done sketchier things than that. And I do wonder if I'd have noticed like the the wherewithal and the the bravery to turn someone down at that point. I don't know. Yeah, yeah. I'm guessing it's not because a submarine got crushed . Um No, it's not be nothing to do with crushing. My first thought was um uh uh like some kind of Doppler effect with radar where it's like when you 're leaving, the uh uh the sound waves are not gonna bounce against the shore and hit you and make you dizzy. But part of me thinks it might be dumber and it's like you hit your head on something. Well okay, but if you hit your head on something, that might be because you get shorter during the voyage. I'm sure this is astronauts, not submarineers, so it's kind of But no astronauts get taller during their voyage because no gravity. So I'm wondering if there's something that makes submariners shorter and thus they're less likely to hit their heads. I do really like like the idea of just it takes time for them to get used to being on a submarine and therefore they're just gonna like they're bump gonna bump their head a little bit when they first start off. But is it it's on the return you said, Ella, right? Yes, yeah, it's on the return. I can confirm that the I mean I don't know if f your physicality changes uh if you step spend time on a submarine, but I can it's not that. Okay. Okay . Does something in the orientation change when oh my god it does. Wait, do ooh do submarines go I assume they don't uh uh like they have a forward. Do they have a front and then they turn around or do they like r return back? I think they have a for a forward. They have a foreign submarines definitely have a fore and aft. Yeah, that sure does make sense. It goes out upside down. So they're so they're already Well does the propeller rotate them ever so slightly clockwise in a way that returning and and coming back . Is this a clever thing or very silly, Ella? It's quite I mean, I would say it's quite silly in a w in its way. It's important, it's vital for the ship, and uh and it's well rather the submariners uh but it's not like some you know very clever seafaring thing that's happening. Yeah. Do they have less food and stuff on board so it's like lighter. I'm not saying anything. If they have less stuff on board, like there's not much room on a submarine, Tom . Yeah. Yeah? Elaborate. Okay, so if there's less stuff physically just like everywhere, there's less stuff for you to like accidentally walk into and things like that. Is that sort of what it is? Kind of. You're almost there. What are you thinking, Tom? I was thinking like perishable supplies, like uh anything that's stored that gets used up over time and eventually it's like crushed and compacted down and put in the waste. Like there's just less stuff hanging up in the storage compartments overhead so they they get closed up. But so not hanging up. You're right that there is less food and and perishables and stuff and that leads to them not hitting their head anymore. But where why? They consume banana peels and then they slip on them as a result of their So wait, so so sorry. They hit their head less on the way going back. They hit their head less on the way back. Oh, okay, okay. Where would they be storing things? Where would they be storing things? The trash can. The store the closets, like storage closets. There isn't very much space on a submarine, right? The spare bedroom. So you've got to use whatever space you have available. This is it. When you asked that, I was like, it's got to be everywh ere . Including like above your head, like in corridors and things like that. Corridors, yes, in corridors. So they're putting stuff above them in the corridors, and then as they use the stuff up there's less stuff above them in the corridor. I mean you're basically there but flip it. Below deck? Yes below the corridors. They put it below the corridors. The food is stored under the corridor and as it's eaten the floor lowers. Wow That makes so much more sense actually, yeah. That makes a lot of sense. I was gonna I gave it to you, you were basically there. Um so you UK submarines are nuclear powered, so that means they have they spend a lot of time out at sea, and so you need to store a lot of food . There is not a lot of space. And so they have removable corridor panels that they put food under and it raises them slightly. And so as they eat, they get rid of the food, the the stores kind of disappear and the corridor goes back to the normal level and they uh don't need they don't hit their head as much apparently that's wild We have unlocked the shiny bonus question. So we seem to do that a lot with uh with youth. It's almost like you're very quick at solving things. Uh thank you to an anonymous listener for this question. A woman with a mild wheeze suddenly developed severe chest pain and had to be hospitalized, all because of a piece of plastic about two inches, five centimetres wide. How did that happen? I'll say it one more time. A woman with a Did she inhale the cap on her inhaler by mistake? Not quite. Ooh. Okay, let's speedrun this one as well. I thought you were just gonna give us just just like just uh miscellaneous medical prognoses that need answ ers. Does sound a bit like a chubby emu video, doesn't it? Yeah, yeah. You're just giving us someone's prognosis and you're like, So so what's your diagnosis? What should we give them? What do we think? Uh tunnel or She has asthma, though that's the wheeze. Yes, that is the wheeze. Nice. And the plastic is not the cap of the inhaler. Yeah, very very difficult. No, because it'd be very difficult to inhale that, wouldn't it? I mean uh you'd be doing really well . You forget to take it off. Yeah, and you Oh you see, in my head the woman's like drunk, I don't know, and just puts like the whole thing like in her mouth and then breathes in and then it's just like what? This is crazy. Um so yeah, maybe that's not the way to cut five I'm trying to picture two inches, five centimeters. This it's about the size of my nose, maybe. Perhaps the piece of plastic is the lid of the inhaler though. That was the cause of it. Oh. She does that, she's not inhaling it. She's doing so it's causing chest pains. She so it is the cap that's wrong. Oh, did like the um the inhaler like you know, it pressurized and exploded. It launched the lid off into a chest or something. Oh good heavens. No, no, that's nothing wrong with the device. Fell over , landed fully flat on the floor, inhaling pointing up, sticking into the ribs, chest pain. Um there are more elaborate ways we can imagine harming this woman if you would like. I love home alone as a verb as well. The uh the piece of plastic, the cap actually just stayed inside her handbag. Wait, so is the cap off and something got into the into the opening of the inhaler? Yes. So talk me through what might have happened here. So she's in she's gone to use her inhaler, but there's something because the cap was off, something's gotten in there that shouldn't be . What would that be? She's breathed something in but that would cause chest pains. Yep. And then hospitalization. Yep. A bug. A bug. I'm thinking like what's in the bottom of your purse, right? Some gum. Yep. Tpons. I'm not gonna ask you to list all the things that might be in a handbag. I'm gonna give you that. But can you let us though? Yeah. May we . It was an earring. Oh, that makes a lot of sense. I believe a tiny little stud earring. Oh, it punctured her lung. Oh you've got all the key points. She has kept the inhaler in her bag uncapped. Did it cause it to like depressurize or something or like yeah, explode if uh uh no she then inhaled the inhaler. Yeah. There is one other thing that someone with asthma does to their inhaler. They shake it. Yes. And she shook it. And of course it rattled. Because that's what an inhaler's meant to do. That's what they do. Yes, that's what an inhaler is meant to do. This was a medical paper published in twenty fifteen. Uh she took her astro inhaler from a handbag, it had been left uncapped, an earring had fallen into the mouthpiece and got lodged. She shook the inhaler, it rattled as it should. Oh. And she fell in the room and then it went in. Yep. Absolutely right. New fear unlocked. She recovered fully, but if you have an inhaler, that's why you keep the cap on. And if in your you're in Australia you have to check the cap for Black Widow spiders also. Yes, yeah. Similar incidents have been reported with coins and makeup pencils and roll plugs and LED light bulbs. Ha what ? I assume that's one of the tiny electronic LEDs and not a big screw in light bulb. Something's blocking this. Just got a whole ass light bulb in your mouth. Wow . So we just have the question from the start of the show. Thank you to Ben. Whenever Yogi was at home he wore white. When he travelled he wore grey. Why? Fashion, baby. Thinking Yogi's a train and it's nice and clean when it's at the depot, but then it gets all dusty and like sooty when it goes out. Something like that. It is a famous yogi, but it's not the bear. Is it Yogi Berra? It is Yogi Berra. I I'm not for those who do not know Yogi Berra. Don't know who this is. Yeah. Was he a baseball player or associated with baseball? I know mostly just from all the quotes and jokes that my dad has told me of him. Uh so I'm worried I think. Yogi Berra is a very famous baseball player and he is the name that Yogi Bear is a pun on. Oh Yogi Bear was named as a joke around Yogi Berra who was incredibly famous at the time. Is it just his uh his home and away kits the baseball uh for his team? That is the what, but not the why. Now so Yogi Bear is famous for coining phrases like what uh it ain't over till it's over, and like like lots of uh funny idioms, I think. So I don't know if this is going to be a bad pun that my dad will then uh learn and and plague me for years from this podcast, or if this is going to be something uh something else. This isn't specifically yogi. It is a tradition in baseball that continues to this day. Home is white, away is grey. Oh I see, okay. Yeah, so that so that's the what? We don't have the why. Easier to see. It's brighter, possibly . Cleaner. Or or less clean. Uh when you slide and stuff, uh you'll get more dirty if it's white. This is a tradition from the late nineteenth century, so why might they have chosen grey for a white? Is it is it the travel side of things? It is again . Oh, so you don't have to wash them as much. Spot on. That is why to this day, the tradition in baseball is home is white and away is grey. Thank you very much to the players from Let's Learn Everything. Uh Tom , tell us about the live show first. We are gonna figure out what it is. It's our first time doing a live show, but it's gonna be silly. It's gonna be Let's Learn Everything Live. Ella, what is Let's Learn E verything? Let's Learn Everything is a podcast where we talk about anything and everything interesting. And Caroline, where can people find out about the show or get their tickets? So if you head over to Let's Learn Everything.com, you can find information to anything where you get your tickets from, uh, the link to our Discord server, our socials, all of the good stuff at letsdaneverything.com. And if you want to know more about this show, you can do that at lateralcast.com, where you can also send in your own ideas for questions or join the Lateral Producers Club. We are at Lateralcast basically everywhere, and there are full video episodes every week on Spotify. Thank you very much to Caroline Roper . Woo ! Ella Hubba. Woo! Tom L um! Woo ! I've been Tom Scott, and that's been Later al .