Theories and Legacy

This is an IiHart podcast Guaranteed human. Living with a rare autoimmune condition brings uncertainty, but it can also create community. In season six of Untold Stories, Life with a severe autoimmune coondition, they go beyond MG and CIDP, as host Martine Hackett welcomes stories from other conditions like myositis and IGN into the conversation. Untold Stories is produced by Ruby Studio in partnership with Argenics. Listen to Untold Stories, Life with a severe Autoimmune condition on the iHart Radio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts Hey everybody, we are getting ready to go on a trip. We're not packed yet, but our brains definitely are because we have a trip to Bajamar on the horizon. and it's kind of all I can think about. I'm so excited about the food. There are amazing restaurants and lounges there that I'm gonna sample everything I possibly can. I'm going to gaze into the water and mostly I am gonna watch the daily fllamingo parade which might be the thing I'm most excited about. There's also an incredible spa and I know Tracy's going to be takaking advantage of that. There is excited and then there is Bahamar excited. Start planning at bahamar. comot Alienwar's Back to schoolchool event is the perfect time to score top gaming gear with incredible features and advanced engineering to go beyond performance Start your Alienware journey with the Alienware fifteen gaming laptop featuring Intel core processors, game, live stream and multitask for hours on end. Pair your incredibly smooth gaming experience with immersive visuals and sound by saving on sleek alienware monitors, headsets and more. This limited time sale awaits you now at alienware dot com slash deals The oldld gaze are back with Silver Linings, their lovable podcast from Iheart's Ruby Studio in partnership with VV Healthcare. Robert, Mick, Bill and Jessse strut back down memory Lane for season two, sharing lessons on life, love, and loss. These are the kind of insights that only come from experience. So tune in to Silver Linings with the oldld Gazayse on the Iheart Radio app casts or wherever you get your podcasts Snoring, gasping for air during sleep, daytime sleepiness. I'm Shquil O'Neill and this shouldn't be anybody's experience. As your doctor about Zbound to zepatyime, The first SZNOi FDA approved prescription medicine from moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity TZzbound is a prescription medicine used with a reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity to help adults with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, OSA, and obesity to improve their OSA. Zbound is approved as a two point five, five, seven point five, ten, twelve point five, or fifteen milligram injection. Zbound contains trizepetide and should not be used with other trizepotide containing products or any GLP one receptor agonist medicines It is not known if ZPBound is safe and effective for use in children Don't share needles or pens or reuse needles. Don't take if allergic to it, or if you or someone in your family had Medary thyroid cancer, or if you've had multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type two. Tell your doctor if you get a lump or swelling in your neck. Stop step bound and call your doctor if you have severe stomach pain or a serious allergic reaction. Severe side effects may include inflamed pancreas or gallbladder problems Tell your doctor if you experience vision changes before scheduled procedures with anesthesia. If you're nursing, pregnant, planant to be or taking birth control pills, taking Zbound with a sulfonyal urea or insulin may cause low blood sugar side effects include nausea, diarrhea and vomiting, which can cause dehydration and worsen kidney problems. Talk to your doctor. callall one eight hundred five four five five nine sevven nine or visit zbound. liily d. com Welcome to Stuff You Miss in History Class, a production of IHart Radio. Hello and welcome to the podcast. I'm Holly Fry, and I'm Tracy V. Wilson U, this is a person that has been on my list for a very long time And then it kind of shot to the top of the list after we did The Edward Moybridge episode. he's going to come up a little bit today And then recently, I was a guest at Indiana Coma Convention And I was chatting with my friend and friend of the show, Brian Young, and he was all, oh, you should do an episode on Louis L Prince. And I was like, I know He had just been reading about him and was really into the conspiracy of it all. So here is the thing I'm gonna to sunset Boulevard you a little bit On september sixteenth of eighteen ninety, Louis Le Prince Fished She was never seen or heard from again. The many events that led to that moment have also led to a great deal of speculation about what exactly happened U and that is kind of the most well known thing about him. It has certainly been discussed a lot in film circles. That's where I first learned about him when I was in college getting my theater and film studies degree But he had a whole life before that Some of which had nothing to do with film and was very, very interesting and filled with other intriguing things. We are going to talk about, of course, his work in cinematography that was very groundbreaking and his disappearance, but that's going to be like the last third of the episode because there is plenty to talk about in his life before that. Another thing to talk about is names. So The prince was named Louis Eet Augustin L Prince He was French. He didn't go by Louis in his day to day life. He signed his name as Augustin in most places, including patent applications and in letters to his wife Um And some people he was close to, like in his wife's family called him guss, taking the guss out of Augustin U But there are a lot of history pieces about him that use his first name. I also noticed that there seems to be a family rule that your first name is not the name you're using Their children were often named multiple names, and it was like the middle name was always what they went by This is a case where he has written about so much as Louis L Prince or Louis L Poix that we're going to make an exception of our usual policy where we would normally default calling someone the name they chose to go by. But even in this case, when I would be reading books about him, some biographers do use Augustin and it felt almost like jarring to me. So we're going to go by Louis The other thing is that As I said, he was French, his last name would have been pronounced L Prace in France But because he lived in England and New York in a lot of his lifetime and certainly in his mature years, like as an adult throughout his career, a lot of people, including many historians just use the more annglicized L Prints U And we will probably do the same thing. same thing happened to me. I was watching a video and one curator at a museum said LePrince and I was like, Oh, who are they talking about? It's that odd me if you're familiar with this story. So we will be calling him Louis LePrince If you want the more French version, just say it in your head. greatreat Louis the Prince was born on august twenty eighth eighteen forty one in Metz France, which is in the northeast of the country, near the border with Germany in Luxembourg father was Louis Abraham Amboise Laprce military captain, and his mother was Elizabeth Marie Antoinette Goulebert During his earliest years, LaPrince was maybe getting a unique education through exposure to a family friend, That was Louis D Guerre Daguer was friends with L Prince's father, and while the inventor of photography and the young LaPrince only overlapped by ten years before Dag Guer died He is often cited as an influence on La Prince Yeah, it's unclear how much of this is like convenient lore versus how it actually played out. But Louis LePrince is said to have often visited Dag Guer in his studio when he was still a child, although we really don't know with any certainty if the photography pioneer ever imparted any of his knowledge to the young man There is a Daguerreotype of the LaPrince family from the late eighteen forties that may or may not have been made by Daguerre himself. It may have also been made by one of his assistants After his elementary education, Louis went to school away from his family in Bourges, France. three hundred and twenty miles or five hundred and fifteen kilometers southwest of Mittz near the center of the country After that, he moved on to Paris and the Lsee Stt Louis to get an undergraduate degree in science. Then he moved on to advanced study in physics and chemistry in Germany He was also interested in art, and he studied painting and dabbled in photography. After his graduate studies, LaPrince met a man named John Robinson Whitley. And that meeting, it is fair to say, changed the course of his life Whitley was the son of Joseph and Sarah Whitley Joseph was a brass founder, meaning someone who cast items in brass, and he had opened his own brass foundry in Leeds, England in eighteen forty four John, who was Joseph and Sarah's oldest son, was sent to Germany to study as part of the preparation for him to continue to expand the family business And both John and Louis attended Leipzig University for a time, but that was not where they actually met It wasn't until they were both in Paris after finishing their education in Germany that they were connected after Whitley received a letter from one of their former professors suggesting that they meet Like, Hey, do you know Louis Laprince? I think you guys would really get along. And he was right because once they did meet up Whitley and the Prince became very good friends John invited LapPrince to come to Leeds for a visit in eighteen sixty six Leeds is in the county of Yorkshire, roughly two hundred miles north of London and about forty five miles northeast of Manchester The prince was happy to accept John Whitley's invitation in part because while the two men had been in Paris after finishing school John had introduced Louis to John's sister, Sarah Elizabeth, who went by Lizzie Lizzie was twenty at the time. She was in Paris studying art. And she and the twenty five year old Louis hit it off immediately They were a good match. They were both incredibly smart and they shared interest in art. They spent a lot of time together over the course of a few months in Paris and at one point even took a long drive out to the country so that Louis could introduce Lizzie to his mother, That was a trip that apparently enchanted Lizzie Yeah, she loved everything about French country life John Whitley, though, did have his own agenda in inviting Louis to leads. He was hoping that La Prince would like it there and that he would become part of their family business Whitley had recognized immediately that Louis possessed this really unique and very beneficial skill set. He was, as Tracy just said, super smart. He was multilingual. He had technical drawing training. He understood the science and chemistry that could benefit a foundry. and his math skills were also really, really strong. Kind of an amazing package And when Whitley proered an offer of employment Louis took it immediately In eighteen sixty seven, LaPrince traveled to the Exposiseon Universale in Paris as a member of the Whitley Foundry team It's not clear whether he had made the permanent move to Leeds yet at this time, or he may have taken advantage of the trip back to France to kind of wrap things up ahead of a more permanent relocation H position ran for six months, and Louis was there for most of it. That would have given him time to handle anything that he might have needed to wrap up while he was in France The Whitley Foundry won a silver medal at the exposition, and once the expo was finished, L Prince was living in Leeds And just as John and Lizzie had both grown to love Louis, so too did their father Joseph At times, according to Lizzie, it seemed that Joseph and John might actually have some adversarial friction over their close friendships with Louis, like they each wanted to be closer to him. The father and son clearly had some friction of their own. they would have a bigger conflict later on. But in the late eighteen sixties, they both gladly welcomed Louis into their family. And on july first of eighteen sixty nine, Louis and Lizzie were married As a newly married couple, Lizzie and Louis moved into the neighborhood of Chapeltown. There were more big changes, Louis became a partner in the Whitley Foundry, and the couple learned they were expecting a child not long after the wedding A daughter, who is sometimes referred to as Marie Gabriella and sometimes as Marela was born in early eighteen seventy Coming up, we're going to talk about the military conflict that had a significant impact on Louis LaPrince's life. but first we will pause for a sponsor break. Living with a rare autoimmune condition can bring a lot of uncertainty, but it can also bring people together in powerful ways. Tune in for season six of Untold stories, Life withith a severe Autoimmmune condition, a Ruby Studio production in partnership with Argenics. This season, host Martine Hackett brings you fresh stories from people living with MG and CIDP and expands the conversation to people living with other rare conditions like myositis and IGN Through their stories, you'll learn what it's like to participate in clinical trials seeking new treatments, how connection fuels hope, and how people can support one another along the way. Because living with a rare disease isn't about getting through it, it's about moving forward together. Listen to untold stories, life with a severe autoimmune condition on the IiHart radio app Apple Podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts. Alrighty, there is excited and then there is vacation excited. and we are vacation excited right now because we have a trip planned to Baa Mar in Nassau. To be honest, I'm kind of mentally already checked in and I have a beautiful drink in my hand. What I love about this is that you can do it your way. There are three luxury hotels all in one place The Refined Rosewood, the playlfully hip SLS, or the stylish Grand Hyatt. So no matter what your vibe is, if it's relaxed, if it's glam, if it's kind of somewhere in between, you're covered. And then there is everything else. This is like an embarrassment of options. There are more than forty five restaurants, bars and lounges, incredible chefs, incredible drinks I'm gonna be all over that. There is a lot of great nightlife that you can get into, like the John Baptiste Jazz Club, which I am also very excited about. If you are a family going to visit, there's a fifteen acre water park. and what I am also excited about shark and sea turtle encounters, bring them on and don't even get me started about the daily flamingo perade. If you're into sporty stuff all there. There is a golf course, tennis, pickleball, anything you can think of. Tracy's going to spend a lot of time at the spa and we are going to spend a lot of time enjoying ourselves. There's excited and then there is Bahaar vacation exxcited. Start planning your perfect getaway at bahamar. com You're considering getting a home security system, but you want something that fits your space. Well, with ADT Blue, it's easy to customize a system that's right for you and set it up yourself. Just pick the kit and monitoring plan that makes sense for your home. Let's say you're worried about package theft. The ADT plus app can walk you through setting up a new doorbell camera kit. Once it's installed, ADT Pros can help you keep tabs on it twenty four seven. orr you can manage it yourself from the ADT pllus app There are no long term contracts so you can change your monitoring plan whenever you want. The flexibility doesn't end there. You can add to your system as you need to with things like extra cameras or motion sensors. Some life decisions are hard, but thanks to ADT Blue, you can DIY trusted ADT home security in a snap to ADt. com slash Blu to build your system today. And to find out more about home prrotection, check out a new episode of Grown Up Stuff with security expert Joe Maza out now on the iHart Radio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts Guess who's back in the house The Old Gays return for seeason two of Silver Linings, their hit podcast from IiHart's Ruby Studio in partnership with VV Healthcare. Just wait until you hear what hosts Robert, McBill, and Jessse have in store this time around. They stt back down memory lane, navigating life loveo, loss, and everything that shaped them along the way. And as usual, someone just might break into song. From leather bars to bathhouses, dance floors to drag brunch, nothing stays off limits. These are the kinds of insights that can only come from experience. So listen to your elders, honey, and discover the silver linings you can take with you All S, zero filter, and decades of perspective from four friends, proving that queer joy only gets better with age on the podcast that never gets old. Listen to Silver Linings available on the iHart Radio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts Ten more minutes. Only ten minutes. Can you drive slower? What's up with them today? Lingo kids. That app we downloaded last week? They love it. The games this funny baby bot character kids we're almost there And with more than four thousand interactive games, songs, and shows little ones can't get enough of, Lingo Kids is the number one entertainment platform for young kids. Why didn't we download this sooner Everything kids love. Download it for free In eighteen seventy, the Franco Prussian War impacted Louis's life significantly, even though he was not living in France at the time That of course, is a whole multinational conflict, but the short version so that we can give you context is that France which was led by Napoleon III at the time was getting deeply uneasy about the power amassing in the coalition of German states that was coming together under Otto von Bismarck who was the Prime Minister of Prussia Bismarck and Napoleon III had ongoing friction, and that culminated eventually in France declaring war on Prussia in July of eighteen seventy. This was perceived as not a wise move and there was not a lot of support for France in Europe on this one. and Napoleon's military was almost instantly in over their heads Russian military had superior mobilization, and they were able on several occasions to surprise the French Meanwhile, France was trying to fight using pretty old school tactics of military engagement rather than the more guerrilla style tactics that Prussia is credited with employing. So that just did not go well At the Battle of Sedon in the first days of september eighteen seventy, Napoleon III surrendered and he was taken prisoner This did not, though, result in a treaty, and Paris was in the sights of the German States coalition Meanwhile, back in Leeds, in addition to reading news reports about the conflict, Louis was also receiving letters from his brother Albert As it became apparent that Paris was likely to be engulfed in the war, Louis made the decision to race to the French capitol to try to get his mother out before things became dangerous for her He was also hoping to get Albert's wife, Gabrielle and their baby out Louis got caught up in a riot while he was in Paris Biographer Paul Fisher makes this sound very much like he accidentally stumbled into this conflict from a side street as things were escalating in his twenty twenty two book, The Man Who Invented Motion Pictures. There are also news articles from the time that really made clear that Louis was not at all involved in this event that he became a part of Because Napoleon III had surrendered The power vacuum that he left behind was seized as an opportunity for France to become a republic once again. So at this point, France is fighting internally because some people wanted that and others did not And they were fighting against the forces of Prussia and the coalition behind it And so when the Prince arrived at this scene of this riot, She was arrested along with the agitators, and this set off a kind of wild series of events Authorities suspected LeBrenz was a Prussian spy When he didn't arrive when his mother expected him, he was reported as a missing person She contacted the paper, Laton and noted that a description of a man arrested at the riot sounded like Louis. This led to an English journalist initiating an investigation and that led to Louis being released on august twenty second It was suddenly reported like, hey, we all think Louis L Prince is here somewhere being held And he was for about a week Once he was released, Louis got his mother and his sister in law and his baby niece back to Leeds and to safety But his arrest and what he had seen while he was in France had left a really significant impression on him. And he had become aware of just how dangerous things were in Paris and what his countrymen were enduring to try to defend France So once his family was settled in safely with Lizzie, Louis returned to France to fight against the Prussians He was stationed in Paris and That fight veryer, very poorly A an initial period where it was kind of a standoff as Paris was fortifying and the enemy forces kind of just hanging outside the city A few efforts were made by France to get the jump on the German states, including using balloons be a great episode at some point I don't know when. U didn't work great. The French efforts were not successful And the transition that then happened through the fall and into winter led to disease and hunger as their supplies ran out So when the French troops that were at this point trapped in Paris because they were surrounded were finally forced to initiate a ground battle out of desperation, they lost thousands of lives Throughout all of this, there was really not much information available to people in England So the Laprince family didn't know what was happening or if they would ever see Louis again. Back in Paris, LaPrince assisted a military surgeon, pulling fallen men from battle for transport and then later burying the bodies of both men who were killed in the conflict and those who died from disease After the new French government surrendered at the end of january eighteen seventy one Louis was able to return home, but the trauma of this experience is said to have changed his demeanor significantly The transition back to work and Whatever passed for normal life at that point for him came at a time when the Whitley Fry where he was working was also going through a huge change, because his friend and brother in law, John was taking over the business from his father, Joseph. And John wanted to make a lot of big changes to the business in an effort to expand and to keep pace with the state of the Industrial Revolution John Whitley really wanted to take advantage of the growing connectivity of Europe as the railway expanded and he wanted to create new products that would appeal to countries outside of England that they could now reach thanks to those railroads And this plan offered Louis an opportunity to kind of become a workaholic and focus all of his attention on his technical draftsman work. This has been interpreted by a number of biographers as possibly being a way that he was kind of working through his war trauma. There's been some suspicion that he had he would probably be diagnosed with something like PTSD today, but we don't know for sure But the problem was that John Whitley had made some egregious errors. He had overestimated the Whitley compompany's potential market. And in producing products We're not proven She carried the company into very significant debt and ultimately into bankruptcy. This led to a huge family conflict among the Whitleys, and John and his father Joseph stopped speaking to one another John moved away to Paris, but he and the Prince remained close friends As the company was falling into disarray over the course of several years, Louis and Lizzie were expanding their family They welcomed their first son, Louis Adolph, who went by Adolph in eighteen seventy two. Two more children were born in eighteen seventy four and eighteen seventy five, their daughter, Henriette Amy and another son, Joseph Augustine So three new babies, as the family's livelihood was really in a financial freefall Louis had invested in Whitley and that money was not going to come back to him No, when he had become a partner, he had bought into the firm and that was a bad investment But Lizzie and Louis recognized what was happening. And before the firm did declare bankruptcy and shut down, Louis had already tendered his resignation People were very much a team and they both applied to get their teaching licenses and took the Ats and sciences examination in South Kensington to become certified as teachers. And they did this not because they were planning to just go out and seek teaching jobs, but they were planning to open their own school. and they did The Leeds Tchnical School of Art, and that opened at the beginning of eighteen seventy five. This was a private school that they ran out of their home at thirty three Park Square, and it was really quite successful Even so, the La Princes did end up taking some side teaching jobs to supplement their incomes. A bit of good fortune grew out of their work with the art school when Louis and Lizzie and many of their students brought items they had been working on to display at the Yorkshire Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures In the late spring of eighteen seventy five Louis had been working on creating tiny enamel portraits on porcelain tiles He had developed a careful firing process for these so that none of the really delicate work would be damaged in the kill. These got the attention of Queen Victoria's son, Prince Alfred, the first Duke of Edinburgh when he visited the exppo. He was given several of the pieces as gifts on the spot, and this led to some commissioned work for the royal family. As a consequence, Louis found his social profile elevated. he was asked to be involved in a number of art societies and charitable organizations, and he also became a freemason during this time. Building on the success of those miniature portraits, the Prince started working on finding more ways to embellish porcelain, which led him to start thinking about applying photographs to not just tiles but also to things like cups and plates. So This is really the beginning of novelty Chinaware U, if you buy those today You can thank Louis LePrince. He figured out how to glaze and fire these so that the image remained super clear and if there was a color picture involved that those colors stayed super vibrant LePrince continued to work with the idea of photo transfer until he could also replicate images on metal And he took a number of his finest pieces to the exposition Universl in eighteen seventy eight, returning once more to Paris And that was a very successful outing for him. He won special recognition at the exppo. As he was preparing for the exppo, Louis and Lizzie welcomed another son, Leon Fernand who went by Fernand. And then in eighteen eighty, they had their last child, another son named Jean John died at the age of two, and the remaining five LPrnt's children lived into adulthood Louis's oldest son, Adolph, started to assist him in the lab at an early age after showing a lot of interest in his father's work L Prince didn't allow his kids in the lab because of the chemicals that were stored there, but after adolph snuck in multiple times apparently broke some items at one point Louis decided to teach his son about his work Apparently he couldn not keep it do offf out of that room. At the beginning of the eighteen eighties, Louis was once again connected with his old friend and former business partner and still his brother in law John Whitley Whitley at this point had gotten connected to the home decor industry and was working with a flooring and wall covering inventor who may be a future episode almost certainly to develop products for the U. SS. market. And he once again made an offer to La Prince move to another country, but this time to New York This might seem sort of random, but Louie and Lizzie were involved already in home decor through their design school and they had both been teaching courses on it and working on the side as designers for people taking commissions. It really made a lot of sense, and Louis agreed to go with John on what was basically a scouting visit to the US to see if the market seemed lucrative And Whitley was banking on the Nouveau Riche of New York to just want tons of home decor Because that was the popular style, right? was a lot of layered things Chachkis a plenty stuff stuff stuff And Louis really fell in love with the city. and when he returned to Leeds after this scouting trip, he and Lizzie discussed the idea of what it would take to relocate the whole family and whether it was worth it. And they made the decision that they were going to go. So they closed down their school and they headed to New York That decision was probably informed in part by a significant debt that Louis LaPrince had from the time when the Whitley Fry had collapsed. He had borrowed three hundred fifty pounds and he had not repaid it. Lizzie had discovered this information when a letter arrived at the house while Louie was on the scouting trip demanding repayment They paid a small amount back before leaving England with the intent that more installments would follow. Yeah, he basically came home to Lizzie being like, Hey, were you gonna to tell me about this U theirir new life in New York was rocky at the start Lizzy's brother John had really not gotten any better at running a business than he had been when he drove the foundry into the ground And as his home deck business was tanking, John then decided he wanted Louis to travel across the U. S with him. a lot of it on horseback too find att trract of land where they could start an artist colony This was apparently a very grueling trip. Louis actually really enjoyed it John on the other hand, did not And he lost interest in this whole artist colony idea And by the time they had got to the West Coast, he was like, you know what? I'm going to move back to England. But Louis wanted to stay in New York. He really liked being in the US. And he started his own decor business with a different partner. That business was called LeaPrince and Pepper During this time, Lizzie started working at a job that she found incredibly fulfilling. She started teaching at the Washington Height School for the Deaf and Mute And she established and ran its art department This was something she and her husband ended up working on together as his firm didn't have enough work to really keep him busy. So he started teaching art lessons at the school as part of an art therapy program. But he needed an income and his work at the school with Lizzie was a volunteer situation become close friends with Lizzie's boss, Isaac Lewis Pete, and that relationship would benefit him in a later endeavor. As he hunted for other opportunities, Louis made the acquaintance of another French gentleman in the city Panorama painter Tofield Pag Po Like Lerince, Paalpeot had an art background, and he had also served in the Franco Prussian War, So the two men probably had a lot in common. We've discussed the popularity of panoramas during the late nineteenth century on the show before and Lo was very good at it. He had more work than he could keep up with, so he hired Louis to help him, both as an artist and kind of as a business manager And this partnership really got LaPrince back on his feet financially. He did one very big project for Puadpo that got a lot of critical acclaim and brought in a lot of cash. But he didn't stay with Pubo for long, even though he was invited to becausecause Louis LePrince had become fascinated with the idea of moving pictures. It was something that had been on his mind even before meeting the Panoramist, and working in Panorama had actually only stoked that fire In just a minute, we will finally get to the motion picture part of LaPrince's life But first, we will hear from the sponsors that keep the show going Living with a rare autoimmune condition can bring a lot of uncertainty, but it can also bring people together in powerful ways. Tune in for season six of Untold Stories, Life with a severe Autoimmune condition, a Ruby Studio production in partartnership with Argenics. This season, host Martine Hackett brings you fresh stories from people living with MG and CIDP and expands the conversation to people living with other rare conditions like myositis and IGAM Through their stories, you'll learn what it's like to participate in clinical trials seeking new treatments, how connection fuels hope, and how people can support one another along the way. Because living with a rare disease isn't about getting through it, it's about moving forward together. Listen to untold stories, life with a severe autoimmune condition on the IiHart radio app Apple Podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts Alrighty, there is excited and then there is vacation excited. and we are vacation excited right now because we have a trip planned to Baja Mar in Nassau. To be honest, I'm kind of mentally already checked in and I have a beautiful drink in my hand. What I love about this is that you can do it your way. There are three luxury hotels all in one place, the Refined Rosewood, the playfully hip SLS, or the stylish Grand Hyatt. So no matter what your vibe is, if it's relaxed, if it's glam, if it's kind of somewhere in between You're covered and then there is everything else. This is like an embarrassment of options. There are more than forty five restaurants, bars and lounges, incredible chefs, incredible drinks. I'm going to be all over that. There is a lot of great nightlife that you can get into like the John Baptiste Jazz Club, which I am also very excited about. If you are a family going to visit, there's a fifteen acre water park and what I am also excited about shark and sea turtle encounters, bring them on and don't even get me started about the daily flamingo perade If you're into sporty stuff, all there. There is a golf course, tennis, pickleball, anything you can think of. Tracy's gonna spend a lot of time at the spa and we are gonna spend a lot of time enjoying ourselves. There's excited and then there is Bahaamar vacation excited. Start planning your perfect getaway at bahamar d. com Guess who's back in the house The Old Gays return for season two of Silver Linings, their hit podcast from IiHart's Ruby Studio in partnership with VV Healthcare. Just wait until you hear what hosts Robert, McBill, and Jessse have in store this time around. They strut back down memory lane, navigating life Love, loss, and everything that shaped them along the way. And as usual, someone just might break into song. From leather bars to bathhouses, dance floors to drag brunch, nothing stays off limits. These are the kinds of insights that can only come from experience. So listen to your elders, honey, and discover the silver linings you can take with you All Sass, zero filter, and decades of perspective from four friends, proving that queer joy only gets better with age on the podcast that never gets old. Listen to Silver Linings available on the iHart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts Ten more minutes. Only ten minutes. Can you drive slower? What's up with them today? Lingo kids. That app we downloaded last week? They love it. The games, this funny baby bot character Kids, we're almost there With more than four thousand interactive games, songs, and shows little ones can't get enough of, Lingo Kids is the number one entertainment platform for young kids. Why didn't we download this sooner Everything kids love. Download it for free. Snoring, gasping for air during sleep, daytime sleepiness. I'm Shiquill O'Neill and this shouldn't be anybody's experience. Ask your doctor about Zet bound to zipatye, the first SnNi FDA approved prescription medicine for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity TZzbBound is a prescription medicine used with a reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity to help adults with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, OSA, and obesity to improve their OSA. Zbound is approved as a two point five, five, seven point five, ten, twelve point five, or fifteen milligram injection. Zbound contains trizepotide and should not be used with other trizepotide containing products or any GLP one receptor agonist medicines It is not known if ZPBound is safe and effective for use in children. Don't share needles or pens or reuse needles. Don't take up allergic to it, or if you or someone in your family had medulary thyroid cancer, or if you've had multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type two Tell your doctor if you get a lump or swelling in your neck. Stop step bound and call your doctor if you have severe stomach pain or a serious allergic reaction. Severe side effects may include inflamed pancreas or gallbladder problems. Tell your doctor if you experience vision changes, before scheduled procedures with anesthesia. If you're nursing, pregnant, planant to be, or taking birth control pills, taking Z bound with a sulfonyal urea or insulin may cause low blood sugar Side effects include nausea, diarrhea and vomiting, which can cause dehydration and worsen kidney problems Talk to your doctor. callall one eight hundred five four five five nine seven nine or visit zepbound. liily. com Frince's interest in moving pictures seems pretty natural when you consider his already established lifelong interest in art and photography and new ways to reproduce images At the same time that LaPrince was working on fixative methods to create unique porcelain, Prior podcast subject Edward Moybridge was developing his method for capturing the movement of a galloping horse by using an array of still cameras and snapping them in sequence as the horse ran by. That was kind of the dawn of cinema, but Moybridge's Zoapraxoscope was just a single rotating glass plate He couldn't really capture anything more than a few seconds of movement The next step forward for motion picture was the invention of the Chrona phhotograph This was the work of a French scientist Etienne Jle Maret, who may be a future episode And it was something that Maray, who was a physiologist, worked on to advance his own understanding of body mechanics through movement This was an interesting looking device was literally a shotgun style mechanism with a circular magazine on it that contained photosensitive silver bromide gelatin plates It captured twelve images per second and then put every image on the same plate It was also very cool, but not a way to capture motion for replay. Yeah, if you look at a photograph of this, it's literally a gun with this weird big barrel on it. People actually call it a camera gun sometimes Um, and then Enter an episcopal priest named Hannibal Goodwin Goodwin was interested in photography as a hobby, and he developed the first film that was flexible and could be rolled up Like Muray, he was solving a problem for his own unrelated work. He wanted to make photographs of biblical scenes that he could use in Sunday school lessons But the existing ways to capture images were heavy and cumbersome, and he thought that if he could come up with a lighter setup easier setup. It would just make his whole project infinitely easier and better The Kodak camera that was available at the time solved some of the problem, but you then had to send the entire camera back to Kodak to their factory to have your images processed. and Goodwin didn't like that either. So he invented a new film that he could process himself This new film was the first celluloid It was made using nitrocellulose, that's cellulose that has been exposed to nitric acid and sulfuric acid and nitro benzole, more commonly known today as nitrobenzene That is a highly toxic yellow liquid with an oily texture and this what's often described as a sharp almond aroma Nitrocellulose is highly flammable. So in combining these two things and then diluting them with alcohol Goodwin was doing something really risky in terms of just chemical exposure, although he probably was not at all aware of just how risky When Goodwin poured his toxic mixture onto glass and let the moisture evaporate from it, the remaining film could capture images after it was coated with emulsion. and it could be cut in strips and rolled into films. Goodwin and Kodak applied for role film patents at the same time, which resulted in a court battle that was not settled for years. Goodwin's estate finally got a large payout from Kodak in the early nineteen hundreds, which was several years after Goodwin died So all of this was going on at the same time that Louis LaPrince was getting really excited about film. And this takes us back to that friendship we mentioned earlier with Lizzie's boss. So the school had a workshop. Pete let L Prince use it as he tried to build on the work of these other inventors to unify their ideas into a device could Finally, capture movement on film to be replayed later. But exactly how L Prince went about this is very unclear. because he did not make any notes of his process What we know about it actually comes from statements that were given later After the fact by people who La Printince hired to make or assist with various components But we know that in eighteen eighty six, with the help of several different mechanics and machinists, LaPrince developed a sixteen lens camera He applied for a U.S. patent on this device on november second His patent was for both the camera and the procedure for using it, including projection from the same apparatus It was titled Method of an Aaratus for prodroucing animated pictures of natural scenery and life Here is how LaPrince described his device, quote, In order to carry out my method, I provide an apparatus consisting of a receiver or photo camera and a deiverer, or stereoptticon adapted to throw the transparent pictures obtained by same order and time in which they were taken, as will be hereinafter fully described and claimed The transparent pictures thrown in quick succession on a finely ground plate glass or other suitable material will produce on the eye of the spectator the same effect or impression as the objects themselves when in motion in front of the camera receiver He received approval for the patent in early eighteen eighty eight. That was a long time for it to clear, and that's because there were problems The patent office noted that he was really patenting two different devices, a camera and a projector And the patent office also thought that his camera might be too similar to other patents that had been filed including Edward Moybridge's Laaprince got a lawyer involved and a lot of back and forth ensued with the patent office, including LaPrince going in person to the patent office to discover that there were some misunderstandings about the workings of his invention Specifically that it was one apparatus that did both the filming and the projecting, not two different things under one patent application But eventually things were resolved, and he received his patent. But that combination patent might have been more of a problem than it was worth because LaPrince had a really hard time getting the projection element to work So much so that he had to cancel public demonstrations that were planned to showcase it There were people in his inner circle who later claimed to have seen it work though. Yeah, onene of his daughters in particular claimed that she had snuck in his workshop and had seen it functioning But others other people he knew also said the same thing that they had seen it But in that time, I mean, it was a year in change before that patent came through, La Prince actually to Europe sort of, temporarily. He had been offered use of the old Whitley Foundry workshop in Leeds by his in laws, and his mother was also quite ill in Paris. So in early eighteen eighty seven, he and his oldest son Adolf crossed the Atlantic And then he went on to Paris to be with his mother in May Lizzie stayed in New York with the rest of their children because the prince had not wanted to relocate all of them just for what he thought was a temporary work travel While he was there in Paris, he reconnected with the Panormus Pupot who was back there, and he also worked with some machinists locally to continue refining his camera His mother Elizabeth died on may twenty eighth, and he kept working on his camera while grieving and then eventually moved back to Leeds to continue his work back with his in laws One of the problems with the existing apparatus was that while sixteen lenses captured movement well, the incremental shifts and angles created weird distortions when the picture was projected He eventually ditched the sixteen lens design and paired it down to a single lens But like his initial work, we just don't know much about why specifically he changed it so drastically What we know is mostly from what he shared in letters to Lizzie He noted that having to plan, each little detail was astonishing And it took so much time to get parts And he worried that he'd be held up through Christmas. It was actually well past that. Once he had the US patent and refined his machine in January of eighteen eighty eight, LaPrince immediately filed for patents in Britain, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Hungary, and Italy Yeah, he was not messing around with patents. And then later that year in October Le Prince captured what is