Intelligence, Character, and Developmental Potential

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What you're doing as a teacher often is setting the motivational frame and dramatizing this grips me. This is important. It's vital. Here's why that's the world manifesting itself in accordance with your interest . Hey, it's Mikayla and I'm back with my dad for Answer the Call, where we take live questions from you guys and dad mainly answers them, but I'll pipe in from time to time . Today we're talking about a topic that should matter to everyone. How do we navigate the modern ed ucation system ? So this should be spicy . Up first we have Joshua in Florida . Hey, Joshua . I good to talk to you guys, both of you. We have been homeschooling our older son since twenty twenty. He's almost ten now. I'm super happy with the results, but I'm kind of biased and very close to it . And I was wondering if you could perhaps steelman the case of sending him to a traditional style school , maybe now, maybe when he's older , just so I can be more honestly doing the cost benefit analysis. It's not about me, it's about him . Well, you are already at least to some degree considering him in the equation because you said that he's an avid you implied that he was an avid and satisfied participant in what is happening. And so that's a certain amount of objective evidence. Let's say assuming that you have other observers who agree and that might be your wife . What I would wonder immediately is does he have peers and friends? And is he participating in anything that's part of the broader social contract outside the family extracurricular. Well, exactly, exactly. And like the only potential benefit to him going into the dismal school system is that he meets people his own age, he starts to socialize with his peers and you can assess whether he can conduct himself in the broader social world. Like your role as a parent right from the beginning is to help your child, encourage your child to become maximally socially desirable . And I don't mean obsessed with popularity. I mean the sort of person that other people rely on and open doors to. And your concern, which is valid, is that because you're so close to the situation and you're as father and you enjoy what you're doing, which I think would be a good thing, is that you might be biased in your evaluation of his progress. Well, the way to test that is to see how he does in the broader world, with his peers , with other adults, with social organizations that you have no part of. He could get that with sports, he could get that with clubs, he could get that with a friendship group. Like there's lots of social organizations that aren't the school. He could get that with church . So the first question I'd have for you is how do you think he's doing socially ? He's doing well , but the only problem with that is it means that it's like a full time job for me to make sure that he's had access to a co op and to temple and to the chess club and different camps over the summer. But that's fine. It's my job . I do want to get out of the business of being in the middle of setting up everything and encouraging him too much because he's almost ten. He's at some point you have to figure it out for yourself. He has a phone number without internet access and he's got to be pushed out of the nest and like, look, you call these kids. You go over to their house. I'll show you how to get there. That sort of thing. Hey, I've got nothing to say about that except yeah, do that . But you know, you're you're okay . So basically what you're reporting is that he seems to be interested in and in principle thriving in these other social communities , but that's an additional demand on your time, an organizational demand, and you'd like to turn that over to him over the next few years. Well, that is what you should do . So that seems just fine to me. Well, there isn't anything about what you've said so far that raises red flags for me, you know ? I don't think we're the people to argue on the other side of things either. That sounds like a way better idea than public school. Yeah, I guess the last thing I would ask you is what makes you think that he is progressing educationally at least the rate he would in an ordinary school, which is a pretty damn low bar, let's say , but you know, how are you informing yourself with regards to his academic progress ? Because I know exactly what he's able to do with the subjects that I do have time to spend with him. And I see what a lot of things he likes to do with his own time, which is watch ube science videos and read biology books and that sort of thing. Right. And that's not being prompted at all. Of course, he doesn't have internet access, so he's asking me to can I see this video? Can I see that video? Yeah, you're you hit the nail on the head. It really is just the social aspect to it. He's the type of kid who probably needs a lot of time with kids to figure out how to deal with other people who are different . Yep. Yeah. Well, that's so look. It sounds to me like you're focusing on the appropriate concerns and that you're happy. Your son is happy. You want to turn more responsibility over to him . Great. The amount of responsibility you want to turn over to your kids is all that they can handle, but no more than that . I mean, that's the best compliment you can give them because basically what you're saying is, look, kid, you can do this. And because you can, you should , I'm not going to take it from you. And that'll also free you up to do the things with him that only you can do. It isn't obvious that you should be serving as his scheduling guide, you know, for the next five years when it appears that you have better things to do with your time that would be more efficient for him to. Anyways, there wasn't anything in what you said that raises any red flags for me. The issue is can he make the transition from the homeschooled environment to the broader world? And you seem to be facilitating that. And that's the issue to concentrate on over the next you have years to do it. He's only ten. Also, school doesn't necessarily help you transition to the real world either. No, it might make it a lot harder. Well, right, right, right, definitely. Definitely. I would have so killed for homeschooling. I can remember in grade four sitting getting in trouble for reading at my desk because the quality of reading from that teacher was so poor that I was reading at my desk or counting the dots in the ceiling tiles to figure out how many dots there were on the ceiling. Yes, I fully gosh. I'm fully that meant conversant with that degree of staggering boredom. Did you ever make a pile of eraser shadings just to see how high the pile could go anyway , but I got in trouble a lot for reading behind to get trouble for reading, yeah. Yeah, I know. It's like I'm reading faster than you. Yeah, anyway. Read it again . Oh my gosh. Yeah, I know. There's the voice of a teacher who hates children. What about learning? What about the spelling book s where you have to do the exercises ? We had the spelling book. You had to do the exercises like fifteen pages of exercises, which were brutal for somebody who already knew how to read . But I got really fast at it because you had to do it . Yeah . Yeah. Thank goodness, that's only. You think that's life when you're little. It's a long time. It's a long time . And it takes what two hours a day in theory. I doubt it even would takes two hours to homeschool kids to teach them. It's mostly if you think about school as childcare, then you can wrap your head around it more. That it's childcare set up under an education facade . Then you're like, oh, okay, that makes sense. But if you're like, No, this is education, then it doesn't really make sense. Yeah , yep, definitely. The problem with Facebook, Google, and other so called free services is that they aren't really free at all. You pay for them by letting huge tech companies record your activity and sell it to advertisers. As the saying goes, if the product is free, you're not the customer, you are the product. The digital version of you is being bought and sold by Facebook's real customers, and who are they? You never know. They could be marketers who want to sell you something, lobbyists who want to change your mind about gun control or even foreign governments who want to influence how you vote. If you don't want to be a product that's bought and sold, you need to start protecting your privacy online . And the way that I do that is with ExpressVPN. 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That's EXPRESSVPN dot com slash Jordan to get an extra form totally free. Next caller, we have Jake in Wisconsin . Hey Jake . Hello , Dr. Peterson. I was wondering between the homeschooling movement speaking to the system of schooling not really being the best for children , and I don't know what to do in compared to a previous statement that you 've made that the institute should not be abandoned. Your team just added its sixty seventh AI tool and also your sixty seventh security blind spot. The good news, the Vanter Agent works like a GRC engineer in the background, finding every app your team uses, scoring the risk, and drafting fixes for you. Vanta is the platform used by over sixteen thousand fast moving companies like Synthesia, Nand ando G'ransola, who are shaping the future with AI and staying ahead of AI risk. Get started at Vanter . com So that's the That's the conservative conundrum, I suppose, is that it's a mistake to destroy all intermediary institutions, right? That's generally the radical's dream Having said that , you're left with the issue of what you do when institutions have become corrupt . And I think that the education system, the K through twelve education system has become has become is it irredeemably corrupt ? Likely. Maybe not actin ' right Tudra. Yeah. I did my Ted talk actually with Matt , which is funny. But Actin might be an option. Yeah, well that well , there are developing institutions that are producing education systems that seem to be intelligent variants , rightight. So I guess what you hope is that and this is something the United States is particularly good at the America is remarkable in its ability to revitalize its institutions through relatively radical conceptual and entrepreneurial transformation. And I think that is happening on the educational landscape. I mean, we're obviously trying to do that with Peterson Academy at the higher end of the education system. I think there are institutions. Acton Academy is a good example that are models for how education could proceed I've watched Catherine Berbelsing in the UK , her school, which is very different from the Octon Schools is an absolute bloody miracle. The children there are thriving. It's a very authority based , structured learning environment that makes tremendous challenging demands on the kids. And they're learning at a rate that I've just never seen anywhere, including high level graduate seminars . So I guess my attitude towards the institutions is that as they become corrupt , increasing discernment is necessary . You know, when I went to school , I can't say that I was particularly thrilled with the course of my education K through twelve, but I could at least say of my teachers that they weren't actively trying to dement me . And now we're in a situation where incompetence , which has risen substantially over the last thirty years in the education environment , is magnified by this insane ideological corruption that's truly pathological. So what do we need? Well, we don't want to throw the baby out with the bathwater, do we? We want to be discerning in our analysis of institutional structure and do ever more to separate the wheat from the chaff . That's a lot to ask of parents because it's very difficult to do something like assess the quality of an entire education system . But when institutional trust has been has been damaged , there's no other alternative but to take the responsibility on for yourself and be more perspicacious in your assessment of your children's educational opportunities . It's also complicated, isn't it by the fact that there are all these new technologies that we just don't know what to do with. I mean, I've been using the large language models as research tools for about well since they came out and I use them a lot and they're insanely informative . And it's the case, for example, that you can ask an LLM like Chat GPT to set you up with a training program for a foreign language and it will communicate with you at your level . Well we have no idea what the possibilities there are. I suspect it's not going to be long before children have a educational tutor that's priv atized that's an AI that knows exactly what they know and then teaches them at their , you know, at the at the edge of their zone proximal development exists. Yeah, there 's schools opening up in Texas here , I don't know those are the places I'm paying attention to . But they're kind of based on what Elon Musk was suggesting for children , but it's not run by Elon Musk. I can't remember the name of the school, but one just opened here. And it's two hours of AI learning and it's an AI teacher that teaches kids at their skill level . And then the rest of the day is more entrepreneurial ventures and then public speaking and things, which is exactly what people should probably that in some play. Well, in Lomberg Yarn Lomberg has pointed out that the introduction of relatively low cost computational devices, iPads, let's say that are I believe his analysis was in third world countries. An hour a day, very, very inexpensive, produces a three year improvement in learning over the course of one year . So we have no idea how challenged children are going to be to learn by teaching systems that will be optimized at their level of skill . I think practically too , if you're looking for a school because you I don't know, don't have time to homeschool or don't want to homeschool, you can take tours of these schools and you can pick up pretty easily if they're completely overrun with ideological teachers because you take a tour and you look at the posters, look at the art the kids are doing. If there's equity anywhere, then you know that the school's a problem. You can go to their website, you can look up like , what are their policies on equity and things? If it's it'll be plastered everywhere because they don't keep it a secret because they're proud of it. So if you find a school and you don't see it anywhere, chances are that's a more conservative school or just a not as ideological schools. So you can go and tour places and it pops out really . But I think everyone's going to be learning by AI . Yeah. Let's talk life insurance. 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So I immigrated to Bay Area twelve years ago and I have two sons that are ten and twelve and I homeschool them and question is how do I raise my children with strong critical thinking and moral clarity in a cultural environment like Bay Area where wokeness pretty much became cultural hegemon y because I'm worried that they will rebel against our family beliefs eventually during teenage years and I really don't want them to do that, of course , and I want them to become like intellectually open and morally grounded as adults. How old are they? Ten and twelve . What sort of conversations do you have around the dinner table ? Well, first of all, we always reflect back on the day and we talk a lot about the positive things that happen to us. That's our tradition . And we do go into downs of the day and I pretty much do socratic methods of like asking them more questions and hearing how they think out loud . That's one of the things we do is conversations with questions Do you introduce I mean, I can imagine since you've already set up that structure , do you introduce an analysis or a discussion of current affairs? Like if you ask them , find something that appears to be a hot , I don't know how much internet they access they have or access to newspapers. You know, pick an issue that appears relevant and tell me what you think about it and let's discuss it. I mean you're concerned about the woke ideology and fair enough. So then you could imagine that what you need to do is to provide them with an understanding of the woke ideology. And so maybe that would be like thirty points . Obviously, a system like Grock could help with that initial analysis . And then you could use those as topics of conversation and contrast points. I mean, really what you're trying to do is to teach them the axioms of political thought and to assess them critically. And I think your best bet with that would be to introduce them to the entire range of political thought from from , you know, libertarian to Marxist . And then they like then they know the whole landscape. They're not going to run across anything that comes as a shock. You know, when I was relatively young, thirteen, I had a librarian in my hometown who was the wife of the local member of the legislature who happened to be a socialist. He was the only one in Alberta out of like two hundred . And people voted for him because he was actually a good man . And this woman, Sandy Nautley, was her name . She introduced me to a lot of class ic literature, Orwell, Huxley. She really Solchenitz and she really showed me the literary world. But she also had me read Anne Rand and Atlas shrugged, and which is much obv,iously much, more cons ervative than libertarian. You know, and when I asked her why she did that, she said she thought I would be intelligent enough to see through it. But the point was she , despite her commitment to what was really a working class socialism at the time rather than a progressive socialism, let's say, she wanted to expose me to the whole range of political thought. Well, that's an inoculation. Well , you seem like a sophisticated person. Where are you from ? I'm from Russia originally. I was born in Soviet Union in nineteen eighty seven, so I didn't really catch much of the Soviet times. Right. Well, my experience with Eastern Europe ans, broadly speaking, is that they've been they or their families were bit pretty hard by the socialist worldview and have a certain amount of skepticism about it that's well warranted. You're in a good position to educate your sons. You just start doing that . Educate them politically, make them sophisticated thinkers. And then they'll be ready when the shallow woke nonsense comes their way . I don't see that you 're there's no way of dealing with that except to prepare them. And they're old enough and your family seems sophisticated enough so you could do an excellent job of that. Then they're ready, you know, and they can recognize it too . So Mick . Yeah , what I started so my kids are a bit younger. I have a seven year old and then two tiny beings. I just bought, I don't know if you've heard of the Tuttle Twins . The Tuttle Twins are so good. I love their books. They have graphic novels and then they have some shorter books for I think I feel like graphic novels you could start around like six or something, but then they have education for kids and it's pretty much libertarian education. I think it's hilarious. I think it's a really easy fun way to teach kids about political perspective. Now, it's kind of biased in the way that I'm already biased , so I'm totally fine with giving it to my kid because I think it's true . But just as a practical like tool to use title twins is great. And what age do you think they're optimized for? Well Scarlet, she's seven, so she's reading the graphic novels, but I think you could read them older too . And then they have actual history books and things. And so that could be ten and twelve. I would have loved those. And they teach a lot . They teach about American historical figures, history, political ideologies. Economy. Yeah. Well, that touches on the broader issue too. Like a political education is a cultural education and that's a historical education. And so to really the way you fortify your children against ideology is to educate them . you And educate them by providing them with the tradition and by teaching them to think critically. And there's absolutely no reason for you not to push that hard and make them ready fighters, you know? And to do that, even you want to steal man the arguments that you're concerned about too. You know, I mean, to the degree that the progressive ethos has anything to say, it does have a grounding in compassion and hypothetically a concern for those that occupy the lower strata of the socioeconomic distribution. And there are things to be said in favor of the truly oppressed and marginalized, so to speak So that's worth walking through because your kids also have to understand why those arguments are put forward and how compassion can be weaponized and corrupted while masquerading as virt ue. These are very hard things to manage property, but there's no reason to assume they can't do it. One of the things you did well because I went to an alternative middle school , an art, public art high school , and then an art university . And it was super progressive before progressive ism was everywhere . And when I went to university , I think because of how I grew up because you didn't really push things on us , I read everything that I was skeptical about. So I was like, okay, feminism, what exactly is feminism? And I read a whole bunch of pro feminist books and a whole bunch of anti feminist books, and then I just decided what felt more true. So I think as long as your kids can , well, critically think , look at all the information and then figure out what's true , they'll be prepared for hearing . And part of the way that you teach people to think critically is to have them argue both sides of a position . And monitor some of their friends are too. That's like probably This weird family that's interceding. Don't you think? Maybe then your kid shouldn't be best friends with that family's kid. Well, you have to keep an eye on your kids' friends, but I think the best thing to do is to tify them, you know, because you can't be watching what your kids are doing all the time, especially as they become older teenagers. You have to prepare them to contend with the world. And if they're able to think and to think critically , then they can defend themselves. And then you don't have to worry too much about what snake pits they wander into. I were pretty stupid friend . I wandered into a bunch of snake pits for a long time. Well, I think that's a universal human experience when you're a teenager. It's like, whoa, what was happening back then? This is what happens before your prefrontal cortex goes in. It's the wild times . Every day, thousands of women across the country face unexpected pregnancies feeling completely alone and overwhelmed. The reality is tough, about one in four pregnancies currently ends in abortion, which means over three thousand lives lost daily. But there's real hope through preborn network clinics. They offer free ultrasounds, and that moment when a mother sees her baby for the first time, it changes everything . Over three hundred fifty thousand babies have been saved through this work , and it doesn't stop there. 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And in the art room, it's a different story because there's a lot more creativity . How can we transform education? There's been a lot in the past from Sir Kin Robinson and some of your own comments that art is the bedrock of culture it self that I believe was from your beyond order book. How can we transform education and address this critical problem of disengagement in education ? Well , my experience in school was and this included university was that it was often the case that the teachers who were attempting to impart information actually had no idea whatsoever why what they were teaching was good for anything . I especially remember that in mathematics because I would ask the educator why I needed to know this, and they didn't know. Well, my natural response to that was, well, if you don't know what it's good for , why should I be interested in it? Now there's some arrogance in that, obviously , because you could say, well, you know, when you're twelve or thirteen , you should listen to adults because they might know something more than you do. And sometimes that's true. But it's also incumbent on educators to set the motivational frame . And so many people who teach art think about it as decoration . They have no idea what they're doing and they can't tell the students why it's important. Well, it's the realm of the imagination. It's where creative ideas come from. It's where you develop skill and taste. It's how you make environment beautiful. It's how you indicate to others that you're sophisticated. It's how you learn to see beauty in the world so that it can guide you upward . Why would you want to be guided upward? Well, you want to be guided downward and suffer madly and end up in something approximating hell or do you want to see beauty beckon to you and learn to establish your relationship with it? And you need to like thirteen year olds, fourteen year olds , new university students , they have a facade of cynicism, but it's pretty shallow. They don't know enough to really be cynical It's a test in some ways. Why should I care about this? It takes effort. Well, that's a reasonable question. Like if it takes effort, why shouldn't I just fritter away my time? Now, if you have a serious discussion with your students , at least some of them might listen. It's like, what are the things that make life worthwhile in the midst of suffering . Well, beauty is one of those. That's for sure . You want everything to be hideous and ugly and chaotic. How is that going to work out for you? So it's very important . Look, human beings are inclined to work toward a goal when they see value in the goal. That's how our nervous systems are set up. And so you have to frame the ed ucational endeavor within the confines of a story that indicate that the goal is worth the effort . And you can't just take that for granted. And that means you have to know yourself and most of the time people who are educating have no idea. They have no idea what literature is for. They have no idea what poetry is for. They have no idea why it would be useful to memorize it. They don't know why you should write. They don't know why they teach mathematical equations. And they think art is for decoration . Well, you're not going to be able to motivate and teach people if that's how shallow your knowledge is . So why is art a b urning concern? Well, that's the first discussion that you need to have with the kids. And that's true for every topic. It's like, look, kid, you need to know this because if you don't know it , you're going to suffer stupidly and end up in a bad place . And if you do know it, pathways will open up to you that you can hardly imagine. And so you're going to be like a clueless, malformed cynical shallow lump who can't communicate knows nothing or you're gonna sharpen yourself the hell up and make your way through the world effectively . Right ? It's like this is a this if it's genuinely an educational issue, it's an intense spiritual and practical concern. And that has to be caught. You know, I went to Harvard and I did a talk in front of the students and this was at Harvard ten years ago probably . And I told them, you know, that thousands of people had been working for like six hundred years to find them and offer them a stellar opportunity and that much was being invested in them and much was being demanded in them and that they had an ethical responsibility to be appreciative of the investment that had been made in them to sharpen themselves the hell up and to get out there in the world and do something useful. And like two dozen of them came up to me afterward and said, I wish they would have told us that when we first came to university. It's like, well , that should have been the first day This sort of thing happens at places like Hillsdale because Larry Arn, who runs Hillsdale, he does tell the students that they have a one percent dropout rate as opposed to the forty percent dropout rate that characterizes most institutions. You got to get the motivational frame right and to do that, you have to know why you're doing why are you pursuing this specialization and why should people care? And if you don't know, your students aren't going to care . Yeah. I think practically speaking too , we probably have to be pickier about teachers because most teachers aren't good. So how are you going to go into a private school or a public school and get a good quality education if the teachers are no good? Yeah . I don't even think that's a training problem . It's also because like as we pointed out earlier , is it education or is it child warehousing? Yes. And the answer is mostly it's child warehousing. And then you might say, well, who are the students who are most likely to become teachers? And it's not like they're picking the cream of the crop. Why? Because they actually don't care. You do you come across some good teachers and then you remember them . That's for sure. But I can remember like two ? Yep , two . Which is better than zero, I guess, none throughout my university days , which was pretty sad, but that's part of the reason we made Peterson Academy. You wear they're all great. Yeah. But we went through, I mean, it's tricky to find good teachers. We went through thousands and thousands seriously of professors and we're like, these are the good guys. And a math teacher, because in calculus, I had this problem. I was like, why do I need to know these equations? Yeah. And he's like, it doesn't matter, memorize them. Yeah. He's like, okay, so you don't even know how they came up with these. If I knew how they came up with the equation and understood it to the basic level, I could remember it. Otherwise, I'm just memorizing it, and I'm going to forget it after the exam. The people who teach that way are people who learned what they learned by memorizing it. They think that's how we learn things. As soon as you remember something else, you forget the last thing. Yeah, yeah, yeah. It was useless. Yeah. But our professor, the math guy, I'm so impressed with, he explains why. I was like, We need someone to explain why you need trigonometry. Why do you need it? I didn't really I couldn't really do statistics till I under stood why everything was structured in the manner that it was structured. I needed to know why. And did you learn that on your own? Oh yeah, completely. Yeah. So for my statistics, this was year one university , which was a health nightmare. And I skipped everything . And on the final exam, I was cramming. And so I learned everything myself from the textbook. I got an A. I ended up with a D in the course and I was like, should I have done that at the beginning of the course? Instead of at the end of the course because I aced the final . That was my statistics experience. But I had to Google everything. I used like Khan Academy and things to really learn. Yeah , yeah, yeah. There's a great book called a History of Statistical Thought that I can fortunately can't remember the name of the author, but that was extremely useful. But yeah, it's hard to find a good teacher and a good teacher has to Well, a really great teacher. Yeah, fair enough. A great teacher acts out a moral commitment to the topic. You know, a huge part of what you're doing as a teacher isn't imparting information. Books do that more effectively . What you're doing as a teacher often is setting the motivational frame and dramatizing the process of being engaged with the material. That's true. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, well, that's why it's a lecture theater , right? You're acting out a commitment to the enterprise. And you're dramatizing that. You're saying, look, this is this grips me, this is important. It's vital. Here's why. This will change your life. This will change your life. Yeah,, yeah this will change your life. Yeah. Yeah . Yeah, protect you from the pit and orient you upward . Yeah. And so and you better get that right because the pit is deep right , so pay attention or else, right? Well, then people think, oh maybe there's something here. Yeah, and that can be any topic if you get somebody to absolutely well every phenomenon phenomenon means it's from Thanosthi. It means to shine forth . So every phenomenon is a worthy target of inquiry . And will grip you and some won't. And what they're doing when they grip you is shining forth. That's the world manifesting itself in accordance with your interest . And so something will grip you, right? It'll shine forth. That's what happens when you find someone attractive, for example, or something strikes you as beautiful or interesting. So that's the shining forth. So what that shining forth is the deep reality underneath your surface perception making itself known, glimmering. And then that's what the burning bush is in the Moses story. And then if you pay attention to that phenomenon and you investigate it deeply, you go down the rabbit hole to the bottom of all things and you see where everything's connected. That's where the animating spirit of the world resides. So that's what happens when Moses steps off the beaten path to investigate the burning bush , which is like the living phenomenon. He concentrates intensely until he gets to the bottom of something . And when he gets to the bottom of something, that transforms him into a leader. Now he can speak truth to power, now he can free the slaves from their what? Complacency and irresponsibility, and now he can specify the promised land . That's what you're doing when you're gripped by a topic and the grip is the revelation of a deeper reality beyond the surface appearance. And that's what you're trying to convey to your students. It's like most of what you see in the world is the facade of your assumption and ignorance. There's something deep there and if you could only see it and if you made contact with it, then it would change you and everything else. That's right, that's how the world's structured . And you can see more of that at Peterson Academy. com . Shopify powers millions of businesses worldwide supporting everyone from established brands to entrepreneurs just starting their journey. You can create your professional storefront effortlessly with Shopify's extensive library of customizable templates designed to reflect your brand's unique identity. Boost your productivity with Shopify's AI power tools to craft compelling products, descriptions, engaging headlines and even enhance your product's photography all with just a few clips. Plus, you can market your business like a pro without hiring a team, easily, develop and launch targeted email campaigns and social media content that reaches customers wherever they spend their time online or offline. If that's not enough, Shopify offers expert guidance on every aspect of commerce from inventory management to international sh ipping logistics through seamless return processing. If you're ready to sell, you're ready for Shopify. Sign up for your one dollar per month trial period and start selling today at Shopify. com slash jpd. Go to Shopify. com slash JBP again that's Shopif y. com slash jBP And our final guest today is a prerecorded message from Carl from Alberta . Ah, Alberta . To set up my question, I have four kids and spent years as a scout leader. What engages me is sharing challenging experiences and seeing growth. Following your podcast, you indicated I,Q is most m alleable before adultwood sets in. Going forward, what would be the best experiences I could provide for the boys in our youth program? Now what's behind this ? I have a hard time thinking there isn't some path that can develop one's intelligence. After all, we humans have added substantially. And if you're on a spiritual plane, time isn't the issue. Progression or rate of progression is what I'd like to tap into . As a dad, the family, and even those in the community should come along for the ride, but how could I do that best? Okay, so there's a number of questions there. There's a question about IQ, there's a quest ion about motivation for mentorship . And then there's a question for optimal development. Is IQ most malleable before adulthood? Is that something you can even change ? Well, you can certainly suppress it. Yeah. Diet, et cetera, right? Diet and insufficient information. The issue, the problem is to some degree is that there's enough information in the world that's accessible to everyone so that a limit on information isn't the issue with regard to IQ development , right? There's more than enough information for everyone at every level of intelligence to be able to have that an issue before? Well, I mean, there's still the world . Yes, true. But yes, it was an issue before, I would say, because you could be in an informationally impoverished environment. I mean it's complicated because the problem is that when you're more intelligent, say by nature , you investigate things and discover more complexity in them , right? So if you're curious enough, there's no limited environment. You rely on your own imagination . So and we don't really know we don't really know how to increase IQ . We don't know There were all sorts of companies . Ten years ago, there was a company that was advertising continually these cognitive exercises. Oh yeah, I remember Yeah, I don't remember the name of the company, but it's vanished. And this happens repeatedly that companies pop up and they say, We have this set of cognitive exercises that will keep your IQ int act and develop it. And then they do the research and they find that if you practice the little exercise, you get way better at it, but it doesn't generalize. And that's like you just can't believe how solidifying that is. People have tried for a very long time. And it's peculiar because what you might think, there is a general there's a general cognitive ability that's corrected for age, that's IQ. It's very easy to derive an IQ estimate. One of the things you can do, for example, you could take a hundred multiple choice questions about random topics and you could administer them, let's say , to one hundred people, and you could rank, order them in terms of how many questions you get right, and you could correct that for age, and that would be IQ. That's how easy it is. Yeah. And so it's very robust phenomenon. You might assume that because there's a general if you if you're prone to get one question right, you're prone to get all of them right, right? So there's that general tendency . You might think that because there's a general tendency, you could practice a variety of different cognitive tasks and that practice would generalize and it would increase that general ability. Nope Nope . That is not how it works. Now you can decrease IQ by putting people information informationally poor environments and through malnutrition, through abuse . But there's no evidence that I know of that you can reliably increase IQ with time. I'll give you an example of this. So there was a huge program in the United States started in the nineteen sixt ies, which was supported by conservatives and liberals alike called Head Start. And I think Head Start still operates. The idea was that you could take kids in relatively deprived socioeconomic environments and you could put them in school earlier and in an enriched environment and that would give them a head start and the consequences of that cognitive head start would multiply as they progressed, right? So you get in early , sort things out cognitively , like motivate reading development. The benefits will accrue and multiply across time. The kids will gain a head start . No, that isn't what happened . No, what happened was that the kids who went to head start did do better than their age matched and socioeconomic matched peers who didn't go to head start , but the differences disappeared by grade five or grade six . So there was no improvement in cognitive function. Now there's a variety of reasons for that, which we won't go into. There were some behavioral improvements. It was likely because some of the kids were taken out of extreme extremely pathological families. Right. Less abuse . Yeah, yeah, right, that's right, that's right. And girls were less likely to get pregnant who had gone to head start in adolescence and the kids in general were more likely to graduate, but there was no improvement in cognitive function. And that was really saddening, right? Because it was a good hypothesis, like the idea that you could get a leap ahead early seems so obvious that you'd think it was incontrovertible. It just happens not to be true. Yeah. Not to get way off killed her here, but we know psychedel improve openness to experience. Yeah . But they haven't seen any changes in cognitive ability. No, that's also odd. Well, I think it's partly because you can make it look, , if you have a hierarchy, which means you're faster at processing and you can process more bits of information, so to speak, you can hold more ideas and manipulate them simultaneously. That's part of the element of general cognitive ability. You're faster and you have you can juggle more . Okay . Creativity is positively associated with IQ, but it has an additional element, which is the improbab ility of the educational connections you make . So the more creative you are, the bigger the leaps between ideas. Now you can get so creative that you're manic and incoherent , right? But and that would be the you're connecting everything. Yeah, exactly. Everything 's connected. Yeah, yeah, yeah, right, right. Psychedelics do appear to increase that trade openness, that ability to make more distal connections , and also attraction to aesthetic experience because that's part of openness. But I see I've seen no evidence whatsoever that they have an enhancing effect on intelligence. It's proved very, very, very difficult to increase IQ . Very no one's done it. No one's done it. I bet if you got rid of brain fog associated with diet. Of course, I'm gonna say this. Look, people to where they should be. Breast fed babies have an IQ advantage. There is a bit. Yeah . Oh my gosh, that's horrifying. Yeah. Are you serious? Well, it's in keeping with it . Your brain is a very demanding metabolic organ. If you optimize its function, it's going to work better . That seems to have accruing benefits birth onward. If you don't get enough to eat and you're stunted in your development physically, you saw this with populations all around the world who never got enough to eat, you know, so they the men would grow up and be five foot two, five foot three instead of the full six feet they might be if they had enough to eat. That's associated with intellectual stunting. The best and the best way to protect your IQ as you age isn't to do cognitive exercises, it's actually to optimize your nutrition and to do physical exercises. You know, the brain is a very physical organ and optimized health is the best adjunct to increased cognitive ability . So yeah. And so I don't think I said, as the questioner indicated, I don't believe I said that IQ is most malleable when you're young . It might be most malleable downward , but it's a very IQ is very stable cross time . Very. And it's perverse phenomena. So here's an example. If you take twins , identical twins separated at birth and you test them repeatedly for IQ as they age , what you'd expect is that their IQs would get more different as their experiences diverge. That isn't what happens. What happens is that as they age their IQs get more similar until regardless of how they were raised, by the time they're sixty , if you test one twin and the other, they're so similar that it's like you test the same person twice. So doing anything then just to play Devil's advocate here . Well, there's lots of things about development that aren't specifically associated with processing speed . You know, so no, that's a good question. And to some degree, this questioner was asking that question, right? He focused on intellect ual development, which probably wasn't appropriate. Probably, and I don't I think he knows this. He said that he really found motivation in challenging young people to develop themselves. Yeah. Okay. That doesn't mean yeah, but that doesn't mean they're getting smarter in the IQ sense . It might easily mean that their character is developing and they're becoming wiser , right? And that they're developing, you know, a b ody of practical specific useful information . IQ is most correlated with how fast you learn something . And you can learn something slower and still learn it , right? So what you're hoping for when you're educating people is more character development on the moral agreed . Yeah. And so and his pleasure in challenging kids and putting them on the edge and developing them is actually a reflection , should be more accurately a reflection of concern with character rather than with intelligence per se , right? You can have high IQ and have poor moral characters. That's for sure. Yes, absolutely. We see that all wearing. We certainly do. Yeah. And vice versa, you can be a very good person who's There's no correlation between morality and intelligence, like literally none. If you think about conscientiousness and agreeableness as the moral categories, it's tricky. Conscientiousness is associated with industriousness and orderliness . Conscientious people can keep long term contracts. They tend to abide by their word. The correlation between conscientiousness and IQ is zero , zero , right, which is quite remarkable . You know, it's not what you'd expect, but it happens to be the case. There's no correlation, like agreeableness is trickier because agreeable people are compassionate and polite . And it's easy to think about that as virtuous, but disagreeable people who are competitive and critical, that's also a virtue. So but there's also no correlation between agreeableness and intelligence . So character and intelligence are not the same thing. And it's more appropriate to evaluate the quality of a person. It's so tricky because intelligence is so helpful because you're faster . You're faster and broader. And so in a head to head competition between two people of equal character , the more intelligent person is going to move quicker . And that's a rough fact and it's like it's a brutal fact of nature. But also who cares you can't do anything about it. So move on . You maximize the you maximize what you have at your disposal . You know, there are other virtues there . First of all, intelligence isn't a virtue . It's a responsibility . It's a gift and it's a gift that if misused brings immense cost . Like Lucifer, mythologically is the spirit of the intellect gone wrong . Right. So like high intelligence can be a very destructive force and a curse , right? It's associated with pride, for example, in the mythological world . So lots of people who are smart are very proud of themselves for being smart. That's a very bad idea. First of all, they didn't earn it. And they're probably not that smart. Well, you know, in the greater scheme of like God . Yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah, well, there is that to consider. Well , on that note , thank you all for watching and listening today. We'll be back with more episodes . I quite enjoy these. I'll answer the call soon. Hit the subscribe and notify button so you don't miss an episode because sometimes YouTube is tricky with dad's chann el. Talk to you guys soon . Do you have a question you'd like us to explore? Share it with us at the link in the video's description, and let's face life's challenges together