Dances and final reflections

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Why do some Spanish speakers in Ithana From the influence of Iberia to the animals of the Americas and well beyond, we are examining Spanish words in English on this episode of Words Unraveled Bienven ido to another Words Unraveled. I'm Rob Watts from the YouTube channel Rob Words. And so Jess Zafaris, author of etymology books, including useless etymology, and today we're talking about Espanol. Yeah, we are. See, see, Jess. We're talking about Spanish and its influence on English, which is, you know, largely about vocabulary that has slipped into English from Spain, from various places in the world, actually. Spain and the Americas, because we have this di these different routes where uh Spanish crossed the ocean and then came through many Central and South American countries. Yeah, we talk a lot about the transatlantic divide in English, but there's very much one in Spanish too, which we will get into because there are also differences in the Spanish-spoken in those two places and like quite sort of big differences that you can really sort of point to. So we'll get into that, but let's talk about what we like to talk about here, the etymologies of some words that we use that actually do bring them over from either Spain or from m usually the Americas, right? More often than not otherwise. Should we start in the old world though? It just feels chronologically, like it makes more sense. I think that makes the most sense too. And and in any case, any um many of these words that came through South and Central America were also borrowed from indigenous people who lived there and had nothing to do with Spanish before the Spanish arrived. Yeah, yeah. It's a complicated story, but we are gonna make it less complicated for you where we can. It's actually, I think, easier to find words that came into English from Spanish your side of the Atlantic than it is my side of the Atlantic. But we do have sort of historic words like Armada, for example, which is used to just describe a general fleet of ships now, it can be, but most famously the Spanish Armada. Jesse, did you just raise your hand? I did, I did. I did because we also have Armadillo, which is Yes we do . The little armored one. Yes, uh Armada just means an armed unit, an armed force , it's etymologically speaking the same as army, really. Army's just a word we get from French, and it's an armado is kind of the Spanish equivalent of the word armee from French. But also if you put that cute little diminutive from Spanish, you get armadillo, which is little armored one. Very similarly, this is less cute, uh I suppose, but but we also have the words for war and then gorilla as that we've adopted as well, which is a little war. That is a very good link because that is also a word that does enter English from Spanish in Spain, very specifically during the peninsula war which took place between uh eighteen oh eight and eighteen fourteen, the guerrilla fighters were a a sort of ad hoc Spanish bands of peasants and the like who were also fighting on behalf of Spain as well as the the conventional forces and that word enters English as does the word junta around the same time or junta as it sometimes gets pronounced in English, which were these were the sort of controlling councils, I think, of the regions and and that word really takes off during the same peninsular war. So those we actually get we get those words 'cause of Napoleon ultimately, 'cause he's the he's he's the guy that's stirring things up. You know what's cool about Getty Yeah is that it is a Germanic word, which is not true for many of the words that we'll discuss because Spanish is a romance language, but we have some Germanic words in there too. Yeah, we've talked about this before, haven't we? How the French guerre and the English war are both sort of Germanic words for the same thing and have exactly the same the same roots. But a lot of these gu words that you do find in Latin languages are actually left over by the Franks. But as well as the sort of historical words, we have words like sherry that you have to attribute to Iberia because Here z is in Spain and originally Sherry referred to the white wine that was made in that region. It's called Jerez de la Frontera nowadays. Yeah. But now we talk about a fortified wine that's made in that region. And we call it Sherry because that is a nice sort of anglicis ation of the name of the place. But um it actually, if you look at the word written down, it doesn't look very much like sherry at all. No. You know what blew my mind that that in researching this episode that is related to this is that the word cork is also from Spanish. What no? How? Okay, so in the 1300s, a species of oak tree that was native to Iberia and North Africa and was used for lots of purposes was transported throughout Europe. And in Spanish it was called Alcorca, I think. And it it's I think after every honestly . Spanish skills, very low. Etymology skills, medium high. Oh, you you lost confidence in your pr pronunciation, is that? Yes. Neither of us are gonna nail any of these pronunciations, so let's get that out of the way. I mean I I'm not quite as bad as I was with the Arabic, but I'm still pretty bad. Well anyway, the the root here is the Latin corpus, which means oak or like cortex. It's also related to that word, which was also originally a word for bark. I like these surprising ones that have come from Spanish, like sort of uh uh a lot further back. Uh we'll get into some more of those because I know you've got a little list of them that you said you're gonna treat me to. I'll just reel off a few more that we specifically get from Spain, and then we're going to talk more about what's going on your side of the Atlantic. But there are certain cultural phenomena in Spain, like the siesta, which is a word that we, you know, we call it an afternoon nap, a siesta . But do you know that comes from the Latin for sixth? Ooh because the siesta was traditionally taken at the sixth hour of the day. So the hottest point if you imagine you know, your baseline is getting up at six AM. Six hours later is midday. It's the hottest time of the day, although it's not actually, is it really? But theoretically, that's when you have your siesta, which is from the Latin sexta, yeah, just sex ta, which is where siesta comes from. Incidentally there's a similar story a side sidebar here behind our word noon, 'cause our word noon comes from the Latin for nine. You're supposed to uh noon is supposed to be the the ninth hour of the day. So actually about three o'clock in the afternoon. It should be, but it's ended up being the middle of the day. Also my favourite little facts. And another word that I found came from Spanish culture is aficionado. Oh yeah. I mean obviously sounds well Spanish. Obviously a Spanish word. It essentially means um someone who's affectionate for something. But the first people to be described as aficionados, sort of, you know, uh or at least to gain that label in any sort of real sense, are amateur bullfighters or bullfighting fans. Yeah. So y you know, you know, in the same way that amateur, I think quite literally implies that you're doing something for the love of it. Well aficionado is the same thing. So if you are an amateur bullfighter , you are doing it for the love of the bullfighting rather than for money. You are therefore unprofessional. You are amateur. Does that mean that it's related to the word affection? It's directly related to the word affection. Ah! That's so cool. Yeah, exactly. Again, this is going to change how I use the word aficionado now, because I've always thought of it as being sort of like expert, but really it's not about expert, it's being devoted to something, to having a real a real love for it. And yeah, the first aficionados were really into bullfighting. Um chink great. Yeah . One thing that you're really good on is the um Spanish words that came from Arabic and then we ended up with them. Much like the English words that come from Arabic, they tend to have that that either uh uh an assimilated form or just straight up that definite article a l on the front. So we've got like the the Spanish word for olive oil is from Arabic. It's uh azeiti, I think. But uh similar words along those lines. Because it's easy to forget, or or maybe many people don't know that Spain, or at least parts of Spain, were Muslim for eight hundred years there or thereabouts from the seven hundreds through to the the late fourteen hundreds, large part of it was yeah, essentially Arab. So they spoke Arabic in there. And that means that a lot of Arabic words they seep into modern Spanish. A neat thing here is the word alpaca, which you would think like that sounds like it could be an Arabic word, but it is we got it, we got it from Spanish, but it's probably from an Incan Quechua word m meaning yellowish red, and it would be something like paca, and that would be like the common coat color for the animal. And the L was probably tacked on the based on assumption that it might have something to do with Arabic, or like it was added to it. A similar thing happened to the word almond, which is from the Greek amygdalus, but the Al bit was added in Spanish on the assumption that it had something to do with Arabic. Oh no way. So th the the story there with the alpaca it mirrors or almost it sort of mirrors insofar as it does completely the opposite. Uh to what happens with albatross. Because our word albatross comes from alcatraz , which is an Iberian Spanish word for a pelican which in turn comes from the Arabic and I'm going to say it wrong, al Qadus , which means the vase or the jar. Uh is a reference to you know that gross bit that pelicans have? Uh-huh. Uh yeah. Anyway, that gets um bastardized for wants of a a better word in English from Alcatraz to to Albatross, perhaps influenced by alba, which is the Latin for white. So call this white bird an albatross rather than an alcatraz. Uh and we haven't even mentioned the prison yet. Right. One of the potential Arabic words it came from is al Ratas, meaning the diver. Ah, that works as well, isn't it? I like that theory. A couple of more uh with the Al Alfalfa, that's comes to us from Spanish, but ultimately from Arabic and alcove as well, which meant like a dome or a vault in Arabic. But those are just a handful of the words that we get from Spanish in Spain. Another animal that begins with al here is the alligator, which we got from the Spanish phrase El Lagarto, which again not like faux Arabic at uh beginning on that word. It's not from the Arabic at all, right, is it? Originally it was the Lagarto de Indias, which is the lizard of the Indies, which would be the reptiles that they saw in the Americas. So the you know, the alligators over there. Alligator just means the the lizard. The lizard, yep. And leg ato is is related to Another way that this that word has made its way into English is that the adjective las ertus ending in O-U-S in English was once a word for muscly because it supposedly looked like lizards were crawling under your arm or under your skin at much in the same way that muscle means mousey as we've talked about. Why? Why ruin something beautiful by saying, oh, it's like you've got critters under your skin. Give us some more animals, more Spanish animals. I like these. This one was introduced from Spanish, but it is from an Arawakan language, uh specifically the Taino word for the animal, which is iguana, and these were observed in Central and South America and the Caribbean. This is gonna happen a lot. We got the word from Spanish, but it came through the indigenous languages of the Americas. Apparently, sometimes the iguana is sometimes called the pollo de los arboles, the chicken of the trees, for its flavor and because it's high in protein. And that in some cases is actually a good thing because iguanas have become quite invasive beyond their native territories in the Americas. That's why we call pigeons like the rats of the skies. Favorite things about iguanas in general is that Darwin didn't have very nice things to say about the ones that he observed in the Galapagos. He described it as a hideous looking creature of a dirty black color, stupid and sluggish in its movements. He also obser ves them being very skillful swimmers, in fact I have heard one account, not sure how true that he continuously chucked one into the sea to see if it would come back to the shore. And if it didn't, just casual bit of lizard murder. Well they I mean they're they are m marine iguanas, so they're very much in the water all the time. They can hack it. Most of the time . I like it when well not I like it, but it's it is funny how Europeans have travelled the world slagging off the local wildlife. Like the descriptions of the dodo from Mauritius are really, really mean, you know, this this stupid disgusting tasting fat bird, as the Europeans are describing it, as they destroy it. They say it doesn't taste very nice, but they still eat them all. Speaking of which, did we get dodo from Spanish? It's one of those ones in our Italian short. I mean we get it we get it from the Dutch, I think, but uh yeah. It's the Portuguese take on a word from another language. And it's it's difficult to to pin down because Mauritius doesn't have a native population. It's a slightly strange one. It might just mean stupid person in Portuguese. But that's also what it means in English. So indeed it does. It's not very nice, is it? But they're not around to defend themselves. Speaking of which we did get bozo from Spanish, I believe. Unfortunately, it it had it has some dark origins. It was used in the slave trade and and was sometimes used to mean someone who speaks Spanish poorly, but also just unfortunately used for people who are perceived as less intelligent in that context. Um, but vaudeville got a hold of it and then turned it into a clown name. Another somewhat sad one, and I'll get these out of the way, is unfortunately, the word gal ut is also from Spanish and came through the same context. And it was it uh a galut is literally a person who is on a a little galley, a galley slave. I don't know that word. What does it mean? The way I've heard it used in context is you big galoot, and it means someone who's like giant and like awkward, large and clumsy. Not very nice then. Not very nice. But back to animals, which are which are more fun to talk about, more pleasant to talk about . I would love to talk about coyotes, which is a cool one. Coyote, again, not s not a Spanish word though, right? Yeah, and we we can use this to get into some words from the Wattle. So coyote is a Spanish slash English evolution of a Nahuatl, which is coyot el. Both the animal and a god were associated with this word and and the god is features heavily in trickster myths and shape-shifting lore, and he has this tendency to outwit and be outwitted by other deities. And so Spanish colonists borrowed it as Q A, which in turn entered English via the American Southwest by the early nineteenth century. And before that, they were in English called prairie wolves by English speakers who encountered them, even though they only have about like four percent in common genetically with wolves, which is about the same as humans and orangutans. Again, it's just naming local things, you know, exotic animals after what you know from back home, isn't it? Like a prairie dog, right? Prairie dogs . Probably not very closely related to dogs, I wouldn't have thought. Definitely not. But one of the things that's interesting about this one is the way it's been pronounced in English throughout the years, because coyote and coyote and coyote have all all been options. It's been pronounced coyote and still is in many regions, but coyote is more common among English speakers now, especially I guess in the region where I live. It it's kind of neat. That t ending is added to a lot of nawatl words by the Spanish because they can't basically handle the tl at the end and as we would struggle to do in English. Phono text as well. So they they put a te at the end of it. Yeah, so chocolate is another one. Chocolate becomes chocolate in Spanish once they've picked it up in Mexico, but it actually ends with a tl sound in Nahuatl, the the language that it's borrowed from. It's dropped sometimes entirely too, like the word Osolat was a Nahuatl term adopted by Spanish colonists, and it originally referred to jaguars, but then it was applied in English to the smaller spotted cat we know now as an osalat. Jaguar is a word from Portuguese, but the Portuguese got it from the people living in Brazil at the time. It's actually worth mentioning the the history between Portu gal and Spain, particularly in Southern and Central America, because the Spanish and the Portuguese, they basically signed a deal that drew a line around the world going from north to south and then back up again . Right. And the Spanish everywhere one side of it is fair game for them. And the Portuguese the other side of it it's all fair game for them. And it basically means that the Portuguese can have as much of sort of Africa and India as they like, but the Spanish get the Americas. But there is just this little sliver of South America that sticks out, that crosses that line, and that is where Brazil is now. And that's why Brazil is this Portuguese speaking exception. It has the most Portuguese speakers in the world, correct? Oh yeah. Yeah. By a long shot. By a long shot. Actually, h so here's a mad thing. I think there might be more Portuguese speakers in South America than Spanish speakers in South America. I think that's probably correct. Well that that is crazy. Crazy if true. Big if true. Maybe someone can check that for us and stick it in the comments. One of the funny things that has happened between Spanish and Portuguese is because they diverged in some like usage and pronunciation differences and a couple other things. There are a number of false friends between them. And I again, I discovered this online , so I would love if someone confirmed for me that like Spanish embarrassada means pregnant while the Portuguese embarrassada means embarrassed. Yeah. It's a false friend with English as well, right? You have to watch out for that. And then exquisito means exquisite, while in Portuguese esquisito means strange. That's interesting, isn't it? It's a bit like the word peculiar, isn't it? Peculiar can mean special, specific , uh particular. Actually those the peculiar and particular are are two very closely related words. But peculiar can also mean weird. These two concepts aren't that far apart. But with uh cows. Anyway, the I another one is uh the Spanish vas o means drinking glass and in Portuguese it can mean vase or toilet bowl. Oh no. I mean, but again you, can see how all of those happen. They're just best. That would be the same concept, right? I would like to go into the differences between Spanish in Spain and Spanish in Latin America. Let's do it. Because they're quite obvious pronunciation differences. Lisp. You heard about this ? Because a king of old Ferdinand uh he had a lisp and they wanted to copy him. That's obviously nonsense. It's just a sound thing . So there are three ways of speaking Spanish in this regard. They're known as distincion , which means you have a s sound and a th sound. An S can make either of those. There's Cese o , which is what is spoken so so distincion is what's spoken in Spain, mostly. Um is in the they have variations within Spain, you can't just talk about it like that, but but you know, if you're hearing distincion , that's what's being spoken in Spain. Ceseo is what's spoken in Latin America, which is where you don't have the th sound at all, you just have s sounds. So for example, uh the words uh that would be cata and cassa , so that's hunt and home in Iberian Spanish, Castellano or Castilian Spanish, as it's known, there's a differentiation between those, but in South America, where they use this Cecile , uh Casa and Casa are both pronounced the same as casa, cassa. So hunt and home are homophones in Latin America, in a way that they're not in Spain. And then there's another one which is Cethail, which is you can find in some parts of Andalusia or Andalusia indeed, uh where they th even the what would normally be a s sound. So you'd have gracias , not just gracias . But the reason that you have the cese o in Latin America is that the people that travelled from Spain primarily across the Atlantic were from Andalusia, Andalucía, but back then they they had this cese o there. So in Andalusia and in the Canary Islands they didn't have this separation, this distinction between the th and the s sound. Because and because that was sort of the the big sort of naval area where a lot of the shipping went , that's the s the pronunciation that traveled across the Atlantic. All right. I think that's worth talking about. It absolutely is. That's amazing. The fun story about the the king isn't true. The difference is uh quite inter the difference is quite interesting. It is not a lithp. It is a a very well uh defin ed difference between a s and a th sound. Yeah, the the like emblematic example that I would immediately associate that with is Barcelona vers versus Barcelona. Exactly. If if an English person says Barcelona, they sound pretentious. But uh also I don't know how that name is pronounced in Catalan, and they're proudly Catalan in Barcelona. Um but in Castilian Spanish, yeah, it is it's Barcelona, you've got Taragoza as well of as well There are also grammatical differences, like quite quite key ones. For example, in Latin America, usted is used as the inform al you in a way that it's not used in Spain. In Spain they're more likely to use tu, you know, like t to as it's as it's written, but if you use that in Latin Amer ica, it can seem a little bit over informal. It can be almost rude if you're not using it to someone very close to you. So usted is like the safest pronoun, second person pronoun to use in Latin America, whereas it gets m used much less in Spain. And Spain also has a vosotros , which has been all but lost in Latin America, which is another it's an informal plural form of you , but in Latin America they go for ustedes instead. I think I've got that all right. Again, correct me below if I haven't, but I think I've got that right. If you work in university maintenance, Granger considers you an MVP because your playbook ensures your arena is always ready for tip-off, and Granger is your trusted partner. Offering the products you need, all in one place, from HVAC and plumbing supplies to lighting and more, and all delivered with plenty of time left on the clock, so your team always gets the win. Call 1-800-Granger, visit Granger .com, or just stop by Granger for the ones who get it done . At Giants, when budgets are tight, we keep our communities knit even tighter with every way to save on all the meals you crave all year long . Giant this is home we should talk about the ways that many Latin American and Spanish terms ended up in uh northern American place names on the Western frontier in particular, many of our Spanish place names, cities like Los Angeles and whatnot are from Spanish. And uh and it's because there was a there was a good deal of uh of drama between the Spanish and existing Americans during the age of Westward expansion. We had Spanish-American War, we had a number of other conflicts that ended up determining who controlled things areas like California and New Mexico and Texas and uh and the Alamo and whatnot. It's possible that Europeans watching this won't be fully aware of the fact that Mexico did stretch up into a lot of the territory that is current Mm-hmm. And this is a fecund time for Spanish words entering English because on the frontier they're sort of rubbing up against each other, but also they're sort of hanging out doing the doing the same things like being cowboys or being buckaroo. I was gonna say caballeros, but yeah. I like cab caballero is good as well, isn't it? Yeah, so buckaroo is from the Spanish uh vaquero , which means a cowboy. Right. And and I'm I'm sort of hesitating on the pronunciation there, because this is another thing I've only just learnt, is that V and B basically pronounced exactly the same in Spanish. The Spanish word that becomes the English buckaroo is spelt with a V, as in it's it's it's related to the French for cow, vash, you know, uh these words associated vaccination, or these were these cow related words. You also have vaquero or paquero , which gives us buckaroo. Yeah, the American spaghetti westerns don't really reveal the fact that most cowboys uh Aaron Powell It's not my biggest gripe with the the Westerns in terms of sort of history and um relations between certain groups. Speaking of the people who uh the people who were cowboys and caballeros and whatnot, I need to remember the exact flow of horses in the Americas because most horses, most Mustangs in particular in the Americas are descended from Spanish horses, is my understanding. I might need a refresher on that one. But Mustang is originally from the Spanish mustango, which means stray animal, but there's some wild history here too. Oh wild, very good. Running free. Um in any case the it the word meant stray animal, but they are named after the Mesta or the Hon rado Concejo de la Mesta, which means the honorable council of the Mesta, which was an association of livestock owners that protected lands and migrations and rights pertaining to their flocks and herds in the 14th century in Spain. Mesta is supposed to be from the Latin word mixed, which also describes the horses, but like accurately , but it is it in the original context of the honorable council of the Mesta, it described annual assemblies who came together to divide up strays among herds and flocks and sort of the common ownership of the animals and the collective management of them. So this got ported over to American horses . Which because uh correct me if I'm wrong, but a a wild horse would not be called a Mustang outside of the the Americas, right? No. No it wouldn't. But also Spanish has another word for a wild horse, which is uh bronco. Bronco also means untamed. It would be a uh a caballo bronco would be a an untamed horse, but we've just taken the bronco bit to describe specifically an untamed horse as well, running wild. One word you see in frontier by no means exclusively, but one word you see in frontier like contexts tends to be the word Sierra. It appears in the names of mountain ranges and things like that. And I actually didn't know that it means saw. Like because it's like a jagged mountain range. Sierra. Isn't that fascinating? And so it's very good. Related to words like ser ate too. Okay, I've got another one of these that's that's gonna hopefully astound you in exactly the same ways you've just you probably already know it. Cany on. Canyon means exactly the same as canon. The word is it's the same as the word canon. Is it because it's like a tube? A canon is a tube and it's like oh yeah. That's cool. It means tube. I love this. And canyon's got that fun little uh in in Spanish, tilde on top. The letter is actually called an en je, right? The the the n with the little thing on it that you also see in Espanol. But that that started off as another N, so double Ns. Scribes started getting a little bit lazy or trying to save space. They take the second end, they put it, or or maybe they'd take the first end and put it on top of the second, but whatever. And then that gets sort of reduced until it just becomes a sort of squiggle. So for example, anyo, which means year would have been written A N O , but then over time it gains this little squiggle, the the the N becomes an Enye, and Anyo is just now spelled A -N-Y -O . And canon, our word canon is C-A-N-N-O-N , and can yon is C-A-N-Y -O-N in Spanish. And and our word can yon with that Y in it is just us phonetically spelling out the Spanish word. That's extremely cool. In English we would call that a tildeda Which is it's from the Latin word titulus, which means heading or superscription. So it's a little hat. Like title. Mm-hmm. Exactly. That's also the origin of the word title. Tidl. Which would be the um the dot on an I or a J. Oh we've got metathesis. That's one of our favorite things there between tilde and tiddle. Oh we do, look at that. Rodeo. Rodeo is a good one. Oh good one. Rodeo. It means an enclosure originally. So uh it's related to words like round. Essentially it's a place where things have been rounded up is a a rodeo. And now it's a place where you get flung off a horse. Yeah. Have you ever been to a rodeo? I have been to rodeos before. Mostly in the context of like there are like livestock shows and agricultural events and things around. But I lived in Colorado for some time and they they had a big rodeo. Have you ever been on a a bucking caballo bronco? No, I've just been on a non bucking one. Yeah, that's good. I actually that's not true. I have nearly been bucked off a horse once, but not I don't I don't think it was a bronco or a mustang. I so here's a here's a a transatlantic difference in English. Las so us and Lasso. Why can't we pronounce lasso lasso in English? Why? I I honestly I cannot explain it to you because it does not reflect the Spanish. I don't know why we do that. It's from the Spanish Latho Latho, so it's with that the th sound from Iberian Spanish, from Castili an Spanish, and that latho becomes lasso in Latin American Spanish. And it is directly related to lace. Lace. Yeah, exactly. So lazo means a string, a chord, and lace is ultimately a material made out of string and and cord you know what two words have some funny things in common is the words pinha and pinata, which they're from the same thing, which which means pine cone. And it's also why we say pineapple in while the rest of the world says ananas for that word , that that fruit. Yeah, because again, naming an exotic thing after something that's more familiar, right? A pine cone. In English, we also called a a pine cone a, pineapple because, it was like a fruit on a pine tree, or the closest thing it had to a fruit. And then in the age of colonization of the Caribbean in the 1660s, when English and Spanish people encountered these spiky fruits . They thought they looked like big pine cones, but um and they they just compared them to that. And so peninsular Spanish uses pina for pineapples and I'm I believe other regions of Spanish as well, which is why you have like the pinnacle drink. But a lot of other Spanish speakers use ananas. And pinata, how does that get its name? Yes. Pinata is it also is from the Latin pinia, meaning pine cone. Um, but in Mexican Spanish, pinata meant jug or pot, probably based on the shape of it. I thought it was gonna be oh, cause it dangles or something like that. Yeah. Again, we don't really have the pinata thing over here in Europe. One more bonanza. Bonanza. Nice . Frontier style word. Yeah. Bonanza. Spanish word for like some good weather or or prosperity from the the Latin bonus from which we get bonus. I've already told you this, but I realized it during the um the winter Olympics 'cause I was watching the French coverage with my wife. The in French, and it's obviously it comes from Latin, as well as bonus bonus, they have malus as well for when you have points deducted. You know, like if you' you fall over whilere ice skating. You get extra points, that's your bonus. But if you fall over, they take some points off you and that's a malus. Which I think we could do with. That's a good word. I think that's a good word. We should absolutely do that. A surprising word that I did not know was introduced to English via Spanish is the word demarcation. Oh. Yeah, I mean you would think that that was. Mouth at the end of that sentence at all. You could have given me my entire lifetime. Never got to demarcation. Go on . So yes, it is just it is also just a Latin-derived word that it sounds like, but we got it and we wouldn't be using this word if not for in seventeen thirty-seven. We adopted the Spanish Linea de Demarcacion, or the or the Portuguese version of that word, which was the line laid down by Pope Alexander the Sixth on May 4th in 1493, that divided, as we have mentioned, the New World between Spain and Portugal. That was the original line of demarcation. Fantastic. I forgot to bring this up earlier. Can we dance over to a few dancers? Because we do have quite a few dancers that have got Spanish names and they're usually from Latin America, from the Caribbean, aren't they? Salsa, which just means sauce. It has a weirdly modern name, 'cause it's weirdly modern dance from the nineteen seventies, presumably just called 'cause it's sort of saucy, a bit spic y? And the dance must go back much further, but the name for it. Right, because salsa just means salted, right? Yeah, exactly. It's related to all those words like salary that we like to point out. You know, oh, it all just means salt, getting paid in salt or or whatever. Yeah, precis ely. And salad. Salad was originally salted something. You know, salted meats, it could be salted meats, it could be salted anything. So yeah, salad, sauce, salsa, salt, all related words. Another dance, which I spent like a day trying to understand this, but because I put it in in one of my books, but I had to wrap my head around flamingo, and therefore I had to wrap my head around flamen co. Both of them in Spanish and Portuguese mean flame colored from the Spanish flama. But whether Flamingo is a relative of the dance called Flamingo or not is unclear. Both of them contain flashy, fiery things, like the flamingo flamingo is pink and red, and then the flamingo dance is it's flashy, the the clesothing that go with it looks very flashy and splashy and beautiful. Um in Spanish, though, the name of the dance was also once the demonym, meaning a person from Flanders, as well as a word for the the dances performed by Romani people in Andalusia. And the reasoning is super weird and confusing. Flamenco. I think uh you can tell me if I'm wrong about this, but you know how trav ellers tend to get called in localities by a a distant the name of a dis of of people from a distant locality. I mean it's why we have sort of Romani as a name. Yes. Um gypsy as well means people from Egypt essentially. Um and I thought maybe and I I think I read that the reason they were called Flemish was just Flanders was somewhere somewhere far away. Um the Spanish did control Flanders as well. It was part of their their empire at the time. They have perhaps been conflated because both cultures were associated by the Spanish with dancing and colorful clothes, though they were very different, or because the Spanish used words pertaining to Flemish people as just a that catch-all for foreigners, as you said. Flamenko is one of those words that the more you research it, the less you think you know about it. Oh it's it's terrible. I was like mm writing a paragraph. I was reading that bit of your book for some clarity. It's only like five sentences long, and I was like, I don't know how to shrug this in the right direction. But I definitely should have mentioned that when I was talking about you know cultural words from the Iberian Peninsula that entered entered En glish that way. Because the the rest of the dances are all from the other side of the Atlantic, like Tango, which is from Argentinian, Spanish, but originally the name of like an African South American drum dance . Because you obviously have this coming together of African cultures from uh enslaved people who had taken over to the Americas and the Spanish people, of course, descendants of the Spanish people who arrived there. Ramba, another one as well, Cuban Spanish, means party or spre e, but uh sort of further etymology uncertain. Thought to maybe be related to the word rhombus. Rhombus. It's kind of weird. Yeah, I kinda like that though. And then you've got the mamba. We get it from span ish, but it comes from Haitian crayle. But Haiti is only sort of half of the island of Hispania. I think the island's called Hispania. Hispaniola? Hispaniola. The other half of it is the Dominican Republic, which is traditionally Spanish, whereas Haiti is traditionally French. Well, I say traditionally, in European eyes, anyway. But Mambo is originally a sort of according to the OED a voodoo ritual dance or voodoo priestess. I quote the OED there rather than put that in my own words because we have a history of getting these traditions wrong.